O.M    ui' 


-fM^c^^ 


THE 


A     Compendium      of     Useftil      Iii:formatiox\ 
for    every    Horse    O^vner. 


PUBLISHED     BY 

MAGNUS  FLAWS   &  CO. 

358     DEARBORN     STREET 
CHICAGO,     ILL. 


i>wir*ir  (50  cents  (paper  cover) 

fm^jv  ^  ^i,Qo  ^leatherette  cover) 


Entered  according  to  act  of  congress  in  the  year  1904  by 

Magnus  Flaws, 

in  the  office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress. 


WiirPti»»W>f.»rm,iiWM»> 


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PREFACE. 

This  little  volume  was  prepared  for  the 
purpose  of  supplying  in  brief  form  informa- 
tion sought  for  by  horsemen  each  day.  The 
first  four  chapters  were  prize  essays  selected 
by  the  Horse  Review  from  hundreds  of  the 
writers  on  the  subjects  all  over  the  country. 

All  statistics  have  been  compiled  from 
official  sources  and  can  be  relied  upon. 

Magnus   Flaws. 


CONTENTS 


Care  and  management  of  stallions 5 

Care  and  management  of  broodmares 14 

Care,  breaking  and  developing  of  colts ]9 

Care,  handling  and  management  of  campaigners 28 

Rules  of  the  American  trotting  turf 33 

"  "  "    (new  1904) 68 

Index  to  rules 74 

Leading  Progenitors  of  speed 87 

Care  of  the  feet,  shoeing  and  booting 91 

Gaiting  and  Balancing ." 98 

Animal  taming  and  training 107 

Care  of  horses  in  sickness 115 

The  Horse's  Teeth 121 

Champion  Records 123 

Directory  of  Horse  Associations  and  Registers 136 

List  of  Horse  Papers 137 

Rules  for  admission  to  standard  trotting  and  pacing  register..  .140 

Rules  for  laying  out  mile  oval  track 143 

Rules  for  laying  out  half-mile  oval  track 143 

Golden  nuggets  of  information. 
Advertisements. 

Etc.,  Etc.,  Etc, 


THE    HORSEMAN-^S    HANDBOOK. 


CHAPTER  I. 


CARE    AND    MANAGEMENT    OF    STALLIONS. 

As  this  chapter  does  not  treat  of  the  breaking  and 
handling-  of  colts,  we  will  suppose  you  have  a  stallion 
broken  to  lead  and  drive,  and  that  your  purpose  is 
to  use  him  in  the  stud  and  on  the  track.  Also,  we 
will  presume  that  the  reader  is  somewhat  familiar 
with  the  management  of  horses.  Two  things  are  ab- 
solutely necessary  on  the  start,  viz.,  a  box  stall  and 
a  paddock;  but  the  details  of  these  a  little  later.  The 
first  thing  to  learn  about  a  liorse,  is  that  he  is  half 
horse  and  half  human.  The  first  thing  to  learn  about 
a  stallion,  is  that,  in  addition  to  above,  he  is  part 
tiger!  There  is  an  element  of  treachery,  of  bold 
wanton  cruelty  and  murderous  destructiveness,  found 
in  the  stallion,  that  obtains  but  slightly,  if  at  all,  in 
the  average  mare  or  gelding.  It  is  no  argument 
against  the  above  declaration,  that  some  stallions 
never  seem  to  display  much,  if  any,  of  the  tigerish 
disposition.  My  own  observation,  and  the  testimony 
of  many  men  who  have  had  an  extended  experience 
with  stallions,  has  convinced  me  that  all  stallions 
have  these  characteristics  a  littl.e  and  some  have  an 
abundance  of  them.  It  is,  therefore,  highly  essential 
that,  in  undertaking  the  care  and  management  of  a 
stallion,  this  knowledge  should  be  in  the  possession 
of  the  groom.  Never  relax  your  watchfulness  when 
about  a  stallion;  treat  him  with  the  utmost  kind- 
ness and  consideration,  but  maintain  a  firmness  quite 
unmistakable,  and  conduct  yourself,  always,  in  such 
a  manner  that  he  shall  have  the  most  unlimited  con- 
fidence in  you,  and  at  the  same  time  a  wholesome  re- 
spect for  your  powers  and  personality.  Never  play 
with  a  stallion  in  the  least,  for  it  brings  you  down 


6  THE    HOESEAIAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

on  a  leVel  with  him,  in  his  estimation;  the  familiarity 
will  breed  contempt,  and  you  will  lose  part  of  your 
influence  and  control  over  him. 

THE   BOX   STALL. 

Have  your  box  stall  sixteen  feet  square,  with  one 
door  four  feet  wide  and  eight  feet  high;  made  of 
double  layers  of  flooring  thoroughly  riveted  and  hung 
on  at  least  three  strong  hinges.  Let  there  be  one 
window,  a  single  half  sash  containing  four  12x14 
lights  of  glass.  Set  the  window  in  the  same  side 
wall  as  the  door,  so  that  there  shall  be  no  draught 
or  chill  air  to  cause  stiffness  and  congestions.  Ele- 
vate the  window  just  high  enough  so  that  the  horse 
will  have  to  stand  gracefully  high-headed  to  look 
out  of  it.  This  will  develop  the  muscles  used  in  hold- 
ing the  head  up,  and  aid  in  giving  him  that  nice  up- 
headed  carriage  of  the  head  and  neck  which  is  so 
desirabl&  in  the  stallion. 

It  is  the  attention  to  little  things  which  make  great 
successes,  so  when  you  open  the  door  to  go  in  or  out 
of  the  bo^  stall  always  lock  it,  either  open  or  shut. 
If  your  horse  is  inside  and  the  door  is  ajar  he  may 
make  a  break  for  liberty  and  be  half  frightened  to 
death  before  he  gets  through  the  door,  or  he  may 
put  his  head  out  and  the  door  swing  shut  and  he 
break  his  neck  struggling  for  freedom.  If  he  is  out 
in  the  paddock  and  the  door  is  not  locked,  open  or 
shut,  he  may  be  ruined  by  trying  to  go  through  a 
door  which  suddenlj^  clutches  him  amidships.  Round 
off  the  corner  of  the  door  jamb,  inside  and  out,  it 
may  save  your  horse  from  being  hipped. 

Let  your  stallion  have  the  greatest  amount  of  out- 
door life  consistent  with  good  judgment. 

Don't  let  there  be  any  perceptible  stepdown  from 
the  floor  of  the  stall  into  the  paddock,  and  vice  versa. 

Have  a  cross-bar  fltted  snugly  against  the  bottom 
of  the  door  outside,  and  alwaj's  put  it  in  place  at 
night  so  that  the  horse  cannot,  by  a  slip,  get  his  foot 
under  the  door  and  thus  be  ruined.  If  you  use  a 
plank  floor,  take  a  2x4  scantling  the  length  of  the 
stall  and  nail  down  parallel  with  the  side  wall  and 


THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK.  ' 

about  three  feet  therefrom,  and  fill  the  inclosure 
thus  made  with  clear  white  sand  to  the  depth  of  two 
inches;  in  the  summer  months  wet  this  down  daily 
with  salt  water,  and  you  will  prevent  thrush  and 
promote  a  healthy  growth  of  hoof  much  like  that  re- 
sulting from  a  run  in  a  soft  pasture.  The  horse  will 
soon  learn  to  go  there  and  stand.  This  also  serves 
for  a  cushion  to  prevent  injurious  results  to  the  feet 
from  constant  and  hard  stamping. 

To  prevent  tail  rubbing,  hock  pounding,  and  to 
keep  your  horse  from  being  hopelessly  cast,  run  an 
inclined  plane  side  wall  all  around  the  bottom  of 
the  stall,  except  at  the  door.  Let  it  start  at  the  bot- 
tom eighteen  inches  in  from  the  side  wall  and  bevel 
off  to  meet  said  wail  wherever  two  2x14  inch  planks 
will  carry  it  to  at  the  top;  brace  it  up  by  scantling 
five  feet  apart. 

If  you  use  a  dirt  fioor,  which  is  not  necessary  if 
one  uses  the  moist  sand  attachment  mentioned  above, 
build  up  a  wainscoting  to  reach  eight  inches  below 
the  cross  and  let  it  stand  out  at  least  six  inches  from 
the  side  wall.  This  will  prevent  tail  rubbing,  but 
not  hock  pounding,  nor  will  it  prevent  bad  results 
from  the  horse  being  cast. 

The  feed  box  should  be  broad  and  flat  so  that  the 
food  may  be  spread  thinly  over  it  to  prevent  the  ill 
conditions  sure  to  result  in  the  horse  from  too  hasty 
eating. 

THE    PADDOCK. 

The  paddock  should  not  be  large,  for  a  large  pad- 
dock gives  room  for  an  amount  of  running  and  jump- 
ing that  is  apt  to  produce  such  injuries  as  dislocated 
stifle,  slipping  of  the  stifle  cap  (Patella),  hock  puftt, 
bog  spavin,  and  many  others;  50x100  feet  is  abun- 
dantly large,  and  40  x  60  feet  will  many  times  be 
a  better  size.  The  fence  should  be  seven  feet  high, 
at  least,  and  if  the  stallion  is  inclined  to  break  out 
it  may  be  higher.  It  should  be  a  tight  board  fence 
reaching  quite  down  to  the  ground,  to  prevent  the 
animal's  feet  from  slipping  under  it,  and  should  be 
nailed  from  within  against  stringers  and  posts  that 
are  without,  for  a  horse  will  sometimes  climb  upon 


»  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

the  Stringers  to  look  over  the  fence  and  remain  there 
a  long  time  to  the  injury  of  tendons  and  general 
conformation. 

FOOD. 

Feed  a  stallion  according  to  his  form,  appetite  and 
condition.  Oats  and  bran  are  the  principal  grains 
to  be  fed;  corn  and  barley  are  sometimes  fed,  but  are 
not  desirable  as  a  steady  diet.  Plain  timothy  and 
marsh  or  prairie  hay,  fed  on  the  ground  or  floor,  is 
the  best  thing  in  that  line;  while  cornstalks,  grass, 
potatoes,  carrots,  sweet  turnips,  and  apples  are  all 
admissible  in  small  quantities  for  the  purpose  of 
pleasing  the  appetite  and  loosening  the  bowels.  Feed 
salt  every  day.  The  process  of  feeding  in  detail  is 
something  that  is  highly  important  and  which 
requires  the  greatest  degree  of  skill  and  watchful- 
ness. 

To  no  other  part  of  our  general  subject  can  the  old 
proverb,  '"Eternal  vigilance  is  the  price  of  liberty," 
be  so  truly  and  aptly  applied.  Study  your  stallion's 
droppings  every  day.  Note  whether  they  are  fre- 
quent enough,  whether  too  dry,  or  too  wet,  whether 
the  food  is  perfectly  digested  as  well  as  perfectly 
masticated,  and  whether  they  contain  worms.  If  you 
find  them  too  dry  or  too  infrequently  voided,  you 
must  correct  it  by  giving  less  grain,  and  more  bran, 
bran  mashes,  roots,  carrots,  potatoes,  turnips,  apples 
or  grass,  and  if  the  exercise  has  been  too  little  in- 
crease it.  If  the  bowels  are  too  loose  feed  less  hay, 
less  feed  of  all  kinds^  and  mix  half  a  pint  or  pint 
of  wheat  flour,  which  has  been  scorched  to  a  coffee 
brown,  in  each  feed  of  oats  for  a  day  or  two;  very 
little  drugging  is  necessary  at  any  stage  of  a  horse's 
existence.  If  you  find  that  the  food  comes  through 
the  horse  imperfectly  masticated  and  undigested,  look 
at  the  animal's  teeth  and,  if  wrong,  have  them  fixed. 
A  tooth  may  be  loose,  decayed,  split,  infiamed,  too 
long,  too  sharp,  or  what  not.  It  is  all  important  to 
know  that  the  teeth  are  shed  in  season.  The  horse 
may  bolt  his  food,  and  thus  produce  indigestion  and 
its  attendant  results.  A  flat  feed  box,  so  broken  that 
the  food  does  not  cover  it  to  a  greater  depth  than 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  9 

one-half  or  three-quarters  of  an  inch,  is  a  very  good 
form  of  a  box  to  prevent  bolting  of  the  food;  another 
is  to  put  four  or  five  cobble  stones  as  large  as  an 
orange  into  the  common-sized  feed  box,  and  still 
another,  a  device  of  my  own,  is  made  as  follows:  A 
square,  flat-bottomed  feed  box,  any  size  you  like;  a 
false  bottom  made  of  wire  with  the  meshes  about 
an  inch  and  a  half  in  diameter;  put  in  your  feed 
and  drop  down  your  wire  bottom  on  top  of  the  feed; 
press  it  down  to  start  the  feed  through  the  meshes, 
and  the  horse  will  do  the  rest.  Patent  boxes  with 
the  "feed"  regulated,  are  in  market,  and  are  very 
good. 

A  horse  should  be  watered  either  half  an  hour 
before  meals  or  two  hours  after,  and  during  hot 
weather  should  have  half  a  pailful  midway  between 
meals. 

DISEASES. 

If  his  urine  becomes  thick,  and  the  remedy  here- 
after given  for  worms  does  not  correct  it,  give  a  tea- 
spoonful  of  nitrate  of  potash  in  his  drinking  water 
morning  and  night  for  two  or  three  days.  If  his 
water  is  scant  or  bloody,  or  if  the  act  of  urinating 
is  painful,  he  must  have  ten  drops  of  tincture  of 
cantharides  in  his  drinking  water  three  times  a  day 
for  three  days.  If  the  trouble  results  from  a  cold  give 
also  ten  drops  of  the  tincture  of  aconite  in  the  same 
way,  in  addition  to  the  above. 

The  most  common  disorders  which  come  to  a  stallion 
are,  first:  Colic,  which  is  most  always  a  result  or 
indigestion.  The  remedy  par  excellence  is:  Fluid 
extract  of  nux  vomJca;  fluid  extract  of  colocynthis: 
Fowler's  solution  of  arsenic;  of  each  on'--  ounce;  mix. 
Dose:  Ten  or  fifteen  drops  in  a  couple  of  ounces  or 
hot  ivatcr  every  fifteen  minutes,  for  three  to  six  doses. 
Relief  will  follov/  in  a  short  time  almost  certainly. 
Continue  the  medicine,  one  dose  after  each  meal,  for 
three  or  four  days.  Injections  of  hot  water,  hot  as 
the  hand  can  bear  it,  and  hot  applications  to  the 
bowels  are  useful  adjuvants  in  colic.  Do  not  Jet  a 
horse  feed  at  all  for  several  hours  after  a  spell  of 
indigestion. 
/ 


10  THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

The  remedy  given  above  is  one  of  the  best  in  the 
world  to  prevent  and  cure  (when  curable)   heaves. 

Next  in  frequency  and  importance  comes  worms, 
and  the  affections  resulting  from  their  presence  in  the 
alimentary  tract.  They  are  successfully  treated  by 
feeding,  two  or  three  times  a  day  in  the  feed,  two 
teaspoonfuls  of  the  following:  Powdered  areca  nut, 
one  pound;  powdered  copperas,  one  pound;  tartar 
emetic,  three  ounces;  mix. 

For  the  removal  of  pin  worms  make  an  infusion  of 
Quassia  chips,  two  ounces  to  a  quart  of  boiling  water, 
simmer  for  half  hour  and  cool.  Inject  half  a  pint  or 
a  pint  every  morning  into  the  rectum.  While  the 
worm  powder  is  being  fed  (and  it  should  be  fed  thirty 
to  sixty  days),  a  physic  should  follow  a  good  bran 
mash  about  once  in  ten  days:  One  ounce  of  good 
barbadoes  aloes  in  powder,  with  one  drachm  of  ginger, 
in  a  ball  is  a  good  physic.  The  above  treatment  is 
a  good  one  for  blood  disorders,  and  surfeit,  too,  only 
that,  in  the  latter  case,  less  feed  and  more  exercise 
must  obtain,  and  thirty  drops  of  Fowler's  solution  of 
arsenic  must  be  given  in  his  drinking  water  three 
times  a  day  for  three  weeks  in  addition. 

Thrush  in  the  feet  is  a  very  common  and  annoying 
disease  in  stallions  in  stud  service.  The  remedy  is 
to  prevent  it  by  constant  cleanliness  and  watchfulness. 
If  any  sign  of  thrush  appear,  pour  into  the  spaces 
and  cleft  of  the  frog,  once  a  day,  a  spoonful  or  two  of 
a  six  per  cent,  solution  of  chloride  of  zinc.  This  will 
cure  it,  if  properly  done;  as  the  foot  improves  use 
the  solution  less  frequently. 

If  a  horse  rubs  his  tail  or  mane  he  is  surfeited, 
has  worms,  or  is  lousey.  The  remedy  for  the  first 
two  is  given  above,  for  the  latter,  apply  once  a  day 
to  the  affected  surface  a  mixture  of  kerosene  oil  and 
lard,  one  teaspoonful  of  the  oil  to  each  ounce  of  lard. 

Influenza,  distemper  and  strangles  are,  practically 
speaking,  members  of  the  same  family,  and  require 
pretty  much  the  same  treatment.  I  have  had  splendid 
success  from  the  following  treatment:  At  the  onset 
of  the  disease  give  ten  drops  of  tincture  of  aconite 
in  a  little  water,  every  two  hours,  for  two  days.  Then 
follow  with  ten  drop  doses  of  the'  following:     Iodide 


THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK.  11 

of  arsenic,  two  drachms;  fluid  extract  of  bryonia 
alba,  two  drachms;  alcohol,  four  ounces;  mix.  A 
does  of  ten  to  twenty  drops  in  a  little  water  every 
two  or  three  hours  for  several  days,  will  surely 
modify  most  cases  and  will  abort  aiid  cure  many 
times.  At  such  times  one  of  the  first  tb^ags  is  to  open 
up  the  bowels  with  bran  mashes  and  a  dose  of  an 
ounce  of  pulverized  aloes,  to  which  a  drachm  of 
ginger  has  been  added,  is  just  the  thing. 

If  the  stallion  shows  signs  of  becom-^rig  impotent, 
see  to  it  that  he  does  not  masturbate,  give  him  plenty 
of  work,  attend  to  his  blood,  teeth,  and  general  con- 
dition, and  give  the  following  mixture:  Fluid  extract 
nux  vomica,  twenty  drops;  fluid  extract  damiana,  two 
drachms;  Merrill's  tincture  of  phosphorous,  ten  drops. 
Give  this  amount  in  an  ounce  or  two  of  water,  at 
one  dose,  three  times  a  day,  for  two  or  three  months. 
If  not  very  bad  he  can  have  one  mare  a  week;  if 
quite  bad,  none  at  all  for  the  season,  and  only  one 
or  two  a  week  the  next  season. 

EXERCISE. 

A  stallion  kept  for  stud  purposes  should  have  reg- 
ular road  work  every  day.  Let  him  be  hardened 
gradually  and  then  give  him  from  ten  to  fourteen 
miles  a  day,  over  road  or  track,  or  both.  Drive  him 
on  a  walk  the  flrst  mile  out  of  the  barn,  then  jog 
and  walk  alternately  the  balance  of  the  route;  give 
him  no  hard  speeding,  but  a  little  brush,  at  two-thirds 
his  speed  rate,  is  allowable.  Let  him  sweat  a  little 
coming  home.  After  his  exercise  see  to  it  that  he  is 
protected  from  draughts  of  cold  air,  and  °;ive  no  grain 
for  an  hour  and  a  half.  He  may  have  tnree  or  four 
swallows  of  water  as  he  comes  into  the  barn,  but  ^o 
more  until  half  an  hour  before  feeding. 

GROOMING. 

An  old  dull  curry  comb,  a  root  brush,  and  a  bristle 
brush,  followed  by  a  flannel  cloth,  are  the  things  to 
use  in  cleaning  and  polishing  his  coat;  use  them  in 
the  order  in  which  they  are  mentioned,  riid  use  them 
liberally  every  day. 


12  THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK. 

SERVING    MAKES. 

In  serving  a  mare,  have  her  securely  hoppled,  lead 
the  stallion  up  towards  her  flank,  with  his  hind  quar- 
ters a  little  nearer  her  head  than  her  tail.  When 
he  is  ready  let  him  approach  her  flank,  when  he  wilZ 
whirl  and  mount  all  right.  The  mare's  tail  must 
be  bandaged  well,  for  the  hairs  might  easily  ruin  a 
stallion's  yard  by  cutting  if  allowed  to  be  crowded  in 
ahead  of  the  same. 

Stallions  often  come  off  "proud,"  that  is  to  say, 
they  do  not  eject  their  seed.  In  such  cases  see  to  it 
that  he  does  not  masturbate,  and  give  him  more  exer- 
cise and  less  feed. 

It  is  easy  to  detect  the  passage  of  the  seed  during 
the  act  by  putting  the  fore  finger  against  the  under- 
side of  the  yard;  if  a  cover  has  been  properly  made 
the  impulse  throb  will  be  plainly  felt.  This  is  a  cer- 
tain and  easy  test. 

If  a  stallion  comes  off  "proud,"  lead  him  away  and 
let  him  walk  around  for  ten  or  fifteen  minutes  and 
try  again. 

In  teasing  a  mare  compel  your  stallion  to  keep 
within  the  limits  between  her  hips  and  shoulders,  his 
nose  has  no  business  in  front  of  the  shoulders  nor 
behind  her  coupling.  After  the  horse  has  covered  the 
mare  and  is  about  to  dismount,  a  good  groom  in 
charge  of  the  mare  will  quickly  turn  the  mare  a  step 
or  two  towards  the  left  (towards  the  stallion  groom)  ; 
this   facilitates  the  dismounting  very  much. 

AMOUNT  OF  DAILY  SERVICE. 

No  stallion  of  two  years  of  age  should  serve  more 
than  one  mare  per  week,  and  ten  mares  during  the 
season.  A  stallion  of  three  years  may  have  twenty 
mares,  well  scattered,  through  a  three  months'  season. 
A  four-year-old  may  serve  forty  mares,  but  should  not 
cover  but  one  mare  a  day.  An  aged-stallion  can  take 
care  of  a  mare  every  day  during  a  three-months'  sea- 
son, and  under  pressure  may  make  two  covers  a  day 
occasionally,  but  the  less  of  double  daily-covers  the 
better. 

If  a  stallion  masturbates  he  must  have  a  shield  on 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  13 

night  and  day.  A  good  root  brush  fastened  to  a  sur- 
cingle and  buckled  loosely  about  the  loins  makes  a 
cheap  and  satisfactory  shield.  There  are,  however, 
many  shields  in  the  market,  I  like  the  all-rubber 
ones  best. 

Be  very  regular  and  methodical  in  all  your  dealings 
with  the  stallion.    Do  not  jerk,  swear  at  or  excite  him. 

If  you  whip  at  all,  do  it  without  anger  or  loud 
voice;  do  it  to  teach  him,  not  to  punish.  When  you 
lead  him  through  a  gate  or  door,  precede  him,  other- 
wise he  will  soon  learn  to  go  in  or  through  with  a 
rush. 

Treat  your  stallion  like  your  younger  brother;  set 
him  a  good  example  and  you'll  find  him  pretty  nearly 
as  good  a  Christian  as  most  people  are. 

— C.  M.  Babcock,  M.  D. 


THE    PIOKSEMANS    HANDBOOK. 


CHAPTEK  II. 


CARE  AND  MANAGEMENT  OF  BROOD  MARES. 

As  this  article  does  not  treat  of  the  selection  of 
the  brood  mare,  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  we  have  an 
animal  sound  in  every  way,  and  free  from  all  defects 
and  diseases  that  are  liable  to  be  transmitted.  Nearly 
all  diseases  which  equine  flesh  is  heir  to  are  hered 
itary,  or  the  constitution  or  conformation  likely  to 
contract  disease  is  transmitted,  and,  consequently,  the 
greatest  care  should  be  taken  to  ascertain  that  the 
mare  be  sound  in  every  respect.  The  importance  of 
giving  a  mare  proper  care  cannot  be  underestimated, 
for  in  proportion  as  we  are  successful  with  our  mares 
will   our   breeding  ventures   prove  profitable. 

The  breeders  of  the  trotting  horse  in  America  are 
divided  into  three  classes:  the  city  breeder,  who 
breeds  one  or  two  mares^  and  who,  having  no  farm, 
keeps  them  in  the  city;  the  small  farmer,  who  breeds 
trotters  on  the  side,  so  to  speak,  and  the  large  breeder 
of  unlimited  means  and  facilities;  all  requiring  more 
or  less  f-ifZerent  care  and  management  for  their 
mares.  The  limits  of  this  article  not  admitting  of  a 
detailed  treatment  of  each  class,  the  subject  must 
be  handl3d  in  a  general  way,  leaving  the  astute 
breeder  to  make  his  own  deductions  as  to  what  will 
suit  his  yr-irticular  case. 

GETTING  MARES  IIST  FOAL. 

In  the  first  place  the  all-important  thing  is  to  get 
your  mare  in  foal,  and  right  here  I  would  say  that  a 
mare  should  not  be  bred  before  her  three-year-old 
form,  my  plan  being  to  endeavor  as  much  as  possible 
to  have  :he  yearling  filly  develop  as  much  in  bone  and 
stature  as  possible,  and  then  train  her  in  her  two- 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  15 

year-old  form,  getting  a  record  if  possible,  but  avoid 
over-taxing  her.  It  may  happen  that  you  have  a 
phenomenal,  in  which  case  you  will  do  well  to  defer 
her  breeding  until  she  has  made  a  reputation  on  the 
turf,  thereby  adding  greatly  to  her  own  value  as  well 
as  to  that  of  her  produce.  Adopting  this  course, 
then,  we  have  as  a  three-year-old  a  fully  developed 
and  almost  matured  animal.  I  would  not  breed  her 
before  March  1,  in  northern  climates,  as  I  find  that 
previous  to  that  time  mares  almost  invariably  fail  to 
catch.  My  plan  is  to  try  the  mare  three  times  a 
week  until  we  catch  her  in  the  season,  and  when 
served  to  place  her  in  a  quiet  place  alone  for  a  few 
hours.  It  is  the  general  method  not  to  return  the 
mare  again  until  the  twenty-first  day,  but  I  have 
found  it  a  good  plan  to  return  her  at  the  fourteenth, 
eighteenth,  twenty-first,  twenty-fourth  and  twenty- 
eighth  days.,  as  I  find  that  mares  are  just  as  apt 
to  come  in  season  on  any  of  the  dates  named  as  on 
the  twenty-first.  If  she  refuses  the  horse  on  each  of 
these  occasions  I  try  her  three  times  a  week  there- 
after for  two  weeks,  and  if,  at  the  end  of  that  time 
she  still  refuses,  then  twice  a  week  for  two  months, 
and  if  at  the  end  of  that  time  she  still  refuses,  she 
may  be  considered  safely  in  foal.  My  reason  for  being 
so  thorough  in  this  respect  is  that  the  liability  of  fail- 
ing to  get  the  mare  in  foai  will  be  lessened.  A  val- 
uable mare  bred  to  a  high-priced  horse,  and  failing  to 
get  in  foal,  loses  not  only  what  might  have  been  a  val- 
uable colt,  but  suffers  a  loss  which  is  irreparable,  for 
that  year  of  her  life,  as  a  breeder,  has  been  lost 
irretrievably.  It  behooves  us  then  to  use  every  pre- 
caution in  order  to  insure  her  fertility. 

CAKE  DURING  PREGNANCY. 

Now  as  to  her  care  during  pregnancy.  A  mare  in 
pasture  will  receive  all  the  nourishment  she  requires, 
and  will  take  all  the  exercise  she  needs,  but  if  you  are 
mindful,  however,  to  feed  her  a  little  grain  it  will 
only  do  her  good,  as  she  will  relish  the  change,  and 
all  good  grains  being  blood  producers,  it  will  be  of 
benefit  to  the  growing  foetus.     That  a  mare  in  foal 


16  THE    HOESEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

can  be  worked  is  not  only  true,  but  I  believe,  if  the 
proper  care  is  taken,  it  is  beneficial.  Many  are  the 
instances  where  a  mare  in  foal  has  fought  out  hard 
races  and  gained  a  low  mark  in  the  early  stages  of 
her  pregnancy,  and  the  experiment  has  been  fraught 
with  nothing  but  good  to  both  mare  and  colt.  The 
greatest  care  should,  however,  be  exercised  to  avoid 
all  slips  or  unnatural  strains,  as  such  generally  result 
in  painful  injuries,  ending  in  abortion. 

ABORTION. 

Kicks,  strains,  falls  and  unusual  excitement  are,  of 
course,  the  known  causes  for  abortion,  but  there  are 
many  cases  which  defy  the  skill  of  the  veterinarian  in 
detecting  the  cause.  My  experience  has  been  that  a 
mare  will  abort  within  twenty-four  hours  after  being 
attacked  with  pinkeye,  and  from  post-mortem  exam- 
inations held  on  mares  which  have  died  out  of  a  herd. 
a  majority  of  which  aborted,  I  concluded  that,  though 
not  apparent  to  outside  observation,  the  mares  were 
suffering  from  what  might  be  termed  bilious  influ- 
enza. Treatment  in  such  cases  I  believe  to  be  useless, 
as  the  mare  will  slip  her  colt  despite  all  efforts.  In 
the  cases  of  those  mares  that  have  aborted^  when 
about  four  months  gone  in  foal,  the  following  year, 
I  find  that  feeding  them  wheat  and  a  little  hemp 
seed  and  black  haw  is  beneficial  in  preventing  them 
from  aborting  again. 

In  the  fall,  mares  in  pasture  should  be  taken  up 
before  the  herbage  gets  too  scant,  as  it  is  very  essen- 
tial to  keep  the  mare  in  good  condition,  but  not  fat. 
Ground  oats  and  bran^  with  hay  and  a  few  carrots 
will  keep  them  in  ordinary  flesh  and  good  condition 
if  fed  with  judgment.  They  should  be  allowed  to 
run  out  during  the  day,  but  in  no  case  be  exposed  to 
severe  weather,  and  at  this  time  the  greatest  care 
should  be  taken  to  prevent  injuries  of  any  sort.  The 
mare  should  have  a  box  stall  about  12x12,  well  lighted 
and  ventilated,  and  which,  above  all  things,  should  be 
kept  thoroughly  clean  and  well  bedded. 

FOALING  TIME. 

As  the  period  of  gestation  draws  to  an  end,  which 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  17 

lasts  all  the  way  from  a  little  more  than  300  to  a 
little  less  than  400  days,  and  commonly  about  340 
days,  a  close  watch  should  be  kept  on  the  mare,  as  it 
may  be  necessary  to  assist  nature.  The  signs  of  par- 
turition are  generally  a  sinking  in  about  the  flanks, 
just  under  the  hips,  and  the  filling  out  of  the  teats. 
If  everything  is  all  right  the  colt  will  come  without 
any  aid,  and  in  such  cases  do  not  interfere^  for  if 
mare  and  colt  are  all  right  they  will  take  care  of 
themselves.  Should  the  colt  come  wrong,  that  is,  not 
in  the  natural  position,  then  assistance  is  necessary. 
Anyone  with  a  little  experience  and  a  little  common 
sense,  by  means  of  foaling  hooks  and  other  veterinary 
instruments,  can  readily  assist  the  mare,  and  assist- 
ance must  be  prompt,  for  if  the  assistance  of  a 
veterinarian  cannot  be  secured  at  short  notice,  the 
chances  are  that,  if  left  in  this  condition  for  an 
hour  or  two,  both  mare  and  foal  will  be  lost.  A  man 
cannot  be  told  how  to  act  in  such  cases,  however,  as 
the  use  of  instruments  must  be  learned  by  practical 
demonstration.  There  is  one  case,  however,  which 
occasionally  occurs  that  can  be  readily  remedied  by 
any  one,  and  that  is  where  the  colt  is  foaled  in  the 
sac,  in  which  case  the  colt  should  at  once  be  liberated, 
as  otherwise  it  will  soon  smother. 

The  attendant  should  not  leave  the  mare  and  foal 
until  he  is  satisfied  that  neither  need  further  assist- 
ance. He  must  see  to  it  that  the  foal  stands  up  and 
a  little  tepid  water  should  be  injected.  The  mare,  if 
sucks,  and  if  it  fails  to  do  either^  must  be  assisted. 
He  should  also  see  that  its  bowels  move  and  if  not, 
fed  hay  and  grain  at  time  of  foaling,  is  also  liable 
to  be  constipated,  and  this  should  also  be  attended  to. 
After  foaling  and  when  she  gets  up  I  give  her  a  warm 
mash  and  some  chilled  water.  After  all  has  been 
attended  to,  the  mare  should  be  left  alone  with  her 
foal  and  kept  as  quietly  as  possible,  the  attendant 
occasionally  looking  in  to  see  that  nothing  has  gone 
wrong. 

IN   SEASOX   AGAIN. 

We  will  now  suppose  the  mare  to  have  got  through 
all  right  and  nursing  ner  colt.    It  is  the  rule  that  she 


18  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

will  be  tried  on  the  ninth  day  after  foaling,  but  I  find 
many  will  come  in  season  at  the  seventh  day,  and 
accordingly  I  try  them  on  that  day,  and  on  the  eighth, 
and  if  not  too  cross,  or  fighting  the  stallion  too  much, 
I  serve  them  on  the  ninth  day  whether  they  are  in 
season  or  not,  for  if  that  date  is  allowed  to  pass  in 
some  cases  they  get  so  attached  to  their  colt,  and 
get  so  cross  and  ugly  that  they  will  not  allow  the 
stallion  to  come  near  them.  In  such  cases  I  also 
try  them  every  day  for  several  days,  but  if  not,  I  pro- 
ceed as  described  in  the  beginning  of  this  article. 

A  good  deal  has  been  written  arid  said  about  milk- 
producing  food,  but  the  only  true  milk-producing  food 
is  rich  grass,  and  the  sooner  the  -mare  can  get  this 
the  better  for  herself  and  colt. 

WEANING   THE   COLT. 

I  wean  the  colts  at  from  five  to  six  months  old, 
my  method  being  to  have  a  small  paddock  alongside 
of  a  field  in  which  the  mares  and  colts  are,  and  by 
means  of  a  fence,  built  in  such  a  way  that  the  colts 
can  get  underneath  it  but. not  the  mother.  In  the 
paddock,  or  small  fi-eld,  are  troughs  in  which  grain 
is  put,  and  from  which  the  youngsters  soon  learn  to 
eat.  The  colts  are  then  taken  up  and  put  two  in  a 
box  stall,  and  the  mares  in  the  meantime  fed  dry 
feed,  and  their  udder  rubbed  with  hog's  lard  or  cam- 
phorated oil,  if  necessary,  and  the  operation  is  com- 
plete. 

In  laying  down  these  rules  it  must  be  understood 
that  no  fixed  regulations  can  be  framed  that  will 
apply  in  all  cases,  as  there  will  be  exceptions  and 
peculiar  cases  that  will  undermine  all  theories  or 
axioms.  Above  everything  else  a  breeder  must  have 
and  use  common  sense. 

Hexry  Laughlin, 
Sup't  Uihlein  Stock  Farm.    , 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK, 


CHAPTEK  III. 


CARE,  BREAKING  AND  DEVELOPING  OF  COLTS. 

It  has  been  truly  said  that  "goods  properly  bought 
are  half  sold."  It  is  equally  true  that  a  colt  properly 
bred  is  more  than  half  developed.  Hence,  to  insure 
the  best  possible  results  in  the  development  of  the 
trotting  bred  colt,  it  is  quite  essential  that  he  be 
provided  with  ancestors  of  that  ilk,  and  the  more 
Illustrious  performers  and  producers  his  pedigree  con- 
tains the  better  for  all  concerned,  supplemented 
always,  however,  with  a  subject  of  individual  excel- 
lence. Therefore,  look  well  to  the  individuality,  the 
breeding  and  performance  of  his  ancestors.  When 
these  are  satisfactory  you  may  proceed  to  his  develop- 
ment with  all  assurance  of  success. 


CAKE   OF   THE   COLT. 

We  will  assume  that  all  the  ante-natal  precautions 
have  been  carefully  taken  and  the  prospective  record- 
breaker  makes  his  advent  into  the  world  some  fine 
spring  morning.  Now,  whether  the  colt  be  a  trotter, 
bred  in  the  purple,  a  thoroughbred,  draft  bred,  or  a 
grade,  his  early  education  should  be  essentially  the 
same.  When  a  few  hours  old,  at  most  but  a  few  days, 
the  colt  must  be  handled  and  petted  until  he  becomes 
entirely  fearless  of  the  approach  of  man.  This  is  to 
be  kept  up  from  day  to  day,  or  from  time  to  time. 
At  first  put  a  little  fine  sugar  in  his  mouth,  soon  he 
will  learn  to  like  it;  then  teach  him  to  take  a  small 
lump  of  sugar;  afterwards  teach  him  to  eat  pieces  of 
apple  and  carrots  from  your  hand.  Very  early  give 
him  a  name,  and  teach  him  to  come  when  called.  Call 
him  by  his  name. 


20  THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK. 

EDUCATING   THE  COLT. 

I  prefer  the  term  educating  to  breaking  the  colt, 
though  it  matters  little  what  you  call  it  if  properly 
conducted.  However,  his  education  is  to  be  com- 
menced while  he  is  yet  very  young  and  unable  to 
offer  much  resistance,  even  if  he  has  the  disposition 
to  do  so.  He  is  now  to  be  taught  to  submit  to  control, 
one  of  the  most  vital  fundamental  principles  in  his 
present  and  future  education  and  usefulness. 

Proceed  as  follows:  Place  one  hand  back  of  his 
hind  quarters  and  the  other  under  his  neck.  In  this 
way  you  can  control  him.  You  can  compel  him  to 
move  forward,  backward,  or  to  stand.  Tell  him  "go 
on,"  then  move  him  forward;  then  "whoa,"  and  make 
him  stop.  Teach  him  to  back.  Repeat  these  lessons 
often,  but  always  make  them  short,  and  always 
reward  him  with  a  lump  of  sugar,  a  piece  of  apple,  or 
something  he  likes. 

Having  progressed  thus  far  with  his  education  he 
may  now  be  taught  to  lead.  Place  on  his  head  a  light, 
nicely  fitting  halter.  Take  the  strap  in  the  left  hand, 
place  the  right  hand  back  of  his  hind  quarters,  as 
before,  draw  very  tightly  on  the  strap,  telling  him 
"go  on."  With  a  little  practice  he  will  soon  yield  to 
the  strap.  , 

Since  there  will  be  many  colts  which  will  not  enjoy 
the  advantages  of  the  early  education  herein  de- 
scribed, I  will  here  submit  an  effectual  method  for 
speedily  "breaking"  them  to  lead.  Often  the  colt  is 
allowed  to  run  in  pasture  with  his  dam,  with  no 
attempt  to  handle  him  till  weaning  time,  when  he  will 
be  strong,  wild  and  quite  opposed  to  all  restraint, 
which  being  the  case  I  will  here  give  you  a  method  of 
breaking  him  to  lead,  or,  in  fact,  any  colt  of  any  age, 
that  is  worth  more  than  $100  to  anyone  who  has  colts 
to  handle.  By  this  method  any  colt,  young  or  old, 
can  be  taught  to  lead  in  a  few  minutes  without  dan- 
ger of  hurting  him,  or  of  his  acquiring  any  vicious 
habits.  Take  a  light  rope  about  thirty  feet  long,  or 
longer,  double  it  in  the  middle,  drop  the  center,  or 
where  it  is  doubled,  over  the  colt's  rump,  down  a 
little  below  where  the  breeching  rests.    Slip  the  hand 


THE    HOESEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  21 

back  on  the  double  rope,  a  little  back  of  the  withers, 
and  there  tie  a  knot.  Now  bring  the  two  loose  ends 
of  the  rope,  one  on  each  side  of  the  colt's  neck,  and 
through  the  ring,  or  chin-strap  of  the  halter.  Step  in 
front  of  the  colt,  pulling  lightly  on  the  ropes,  saying: 
"Come  here,"  The  colt  will  at  once  step  forward,  and 
by  proper  management,  in  a  very  short  time  be 
taught  to  lead  anywhere.  When  first  tying  him  in 
the  stall  run  the  ropes  through  the  stall  ring  and  tie 
the  halter-strap  to  them,  so  that  if  he  backs  up  he  will 
draw  up  the  ropes,  and  he  will  learn  to  stand  hitched 
without  pulling  on  the  halter. 

FEEDING  THE  COLT. 

From  the  time  the  colt  is  old  enough  to  eat,  if  run- 
ning in  the  pasture  with  his  dam,  he  should  have  a 
box  in  some  place  where  he  can  be  fed  all  the  oats 
and  bran  he  will  eat.  A  pen  can  be  arranged  in  some 
corner  where  convenient,  and  where  the,  colts  can 
walk  in  and  the  larger  horses  can  not.  By  feeding 
the  colt  in  this  way  the  strain  on  his  dam  will  not 
be  so  great,  the  colt  will  grow  better  and  stronger, 
with  scarcely  any  interruption  in  his  growth  at  time 
of  weaning. 

When  weaned  two  or  three  colts  should  be  placed 
in  a  large,  well  lighted  and  well  ventilated,  comfort- 
able box-stall,  with  paddock  attached,  the  larger  the 
better,  with  a  door  connecting  the  two.  They  should 
have  the  free  run  of  both  in  good  weather,  shutting 
them  up  in  the  box  in  bad  weather  and  cool  nights. 

The  box  is  to  be  kept  thoroughly  clean  and  con- 
stantly supplied  with  an  abundance  of  clean,  dry  bed- 
ding. 

During  the  winter  the  colt  must  have  an  abundance 
and  variety  of  food — good,  bright  timothy  and  clover 
hay,  corn  fodder,  oats,  bran,  carrots,  occasionally 
some  corn,  a  lump  or  box  of  salt  where  he  can  get  it 
when  he  wants  it,  with  free  access  to  water,  or  fre- 
quently watered. 

During  the  summer  he  should  be  allowed  a  daily 
run  to  grass,  or  have  it  cut  for  him,  with  grain  and 
hay. 


22  THE    HOUSEALA.N-'S    HANDBOOK. 

CAKE   OF   THE  COLT'S  FEET. 

Too  much  stress  cannot  be  placed  upon  the  impor- 
tance of  caring  for  the  colt's  feet.  One  of  the  essen- 
tial items  of  his  early  education  is  to  have  his  feet 
handled.  From  thence  on  the  feet  are  to  be  regularly 
shaped  and  leveled.  About  all  the  implements  needed 
are  a  foot-hook  and  rasp.  The  foot  is  first  to  be 
leveled  from  the  bottom,  the  heels  properly  lowered 
and  then  the  shell  at  the  edges  rounded  up.  The  frog 
should  never  be  cut  nor  the  sole  shaved  out.  The 
feet  should  be  picked  out  and  examined  daily. 

BREAKING   THE   COLT   TO  DRIVE'. 

The  time  has  now  arrived  when  the  colt  is  to  be 
broken  to  harness.  If  the  colt  has  always  been  petted 
as  he  should  be  and  has  no  fear  of  man,  there  will  be 
but  little  trouble.  If  not  properly  treated  there  is 
danger  of  his  becoming  sullen  or  stubborn  before  he 
has  learned  this  "new  departure,"  so  unlike  all  that 
has  been  previously  taught  him  and  required  of  him. 
Put  a  "biting-rig"  or  single  harness  on  him,  with  au 
open  bridle,  put  up  the  check  very  loosely  and  turn 
him  into  a  small  paddock.  Scare  him  a  little  in  some 
way  to  make  him  start  up.  At  the  same  time  say 
"go  on,"  "get  up,"  or  whatever  term  you  choose  to  use 
for  starting  him.  Practice  in  this  way  for  a  little 
while  until  he  learns  to  start  and  stop  at  the  proper 
commands.  Then  get  a  light  buggy  whip,  crack  it  or 
touch  him  lightly  on  the  rump  when  starting  him  up. 

When  he  thoroughly  understands  all  this  and  the 
use  of  the  whip,  put  the  lines  on  him,  running  them 
back  through  the  shaft  lugs  instead  of  the  terret 
rings,  so  he  can  be  prevented  from  turning  around, 
and  thus  teach  him  all  about  driving,  starting,  stop- 
ping and  turning. 

"Make  haste  slowly."  Make  all  his  lessons  short, 
and  by  repetitions  impress  each  point  upon  his  mind. 
At  all  times  be  very  kind  and  considerate,  remember- 
ing he  is  perfectly  willing  to  do  what  is  required  of 
him  if  he  understands. 

Do  not  scold  him  and  don't  swear  at  him. 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  23 

After  each  short  lesson  give  him  a  lump  of  sugar, 
an  apple  or  carrot,  put  him  in  his  box  and  give  him  a 
handful  of  oats.  All  these  little  kind  attentions  pre- 
serve and  cultivate  his  confidence  and  disposition. 

While,  in  many  cases,  the  colt  may  be  hitched  up 
single  to  the  cart  without  accident,  it  is  always  safest 
and  best  to  drive  him  several  times  at  first  double, 
with  a  well  broken  horse.  Afterwards  continue  his 
education  until  he  is  thoroughly  schooled  in  the  art 
of  driving.    His  lessons  should  be  short  and  frequent. 

DEVELOPIXG  THE  TROTTEK. 

Let  it  be  understood  at  the  outset  that  there  is  to  be 
a  distinction  made  between  developing  speed  and  pre- 
paring him  for  a  race  of  heats  or  for  a  record. 

Speed  at  the  trot  is  now  what  you  desire  and  what 
you  must  have  before  you  can  win  a  race  or  get  a 
record. 

The  colt  is  now  thoroughly  broken  to  drive  and 
ready  for  the  first  lessons  in  trotting.  These  may  be 
given  to  him  on  the  track,  street^  or  on  the  road, 
where  smooth  or  level,  though  ordinarily  I  prefer  to 
give  the  horse  all  his  work  on  the  tracks  and  since 
this  is  not  the  practice  of  most  trainers  I  may  digress 
from  my  subject  a  moment  to  give  my  reasons.  In 
the  first  place,  I  do  not  deem  it  necessary  to  give  most 
horses  more  than  about  half  as  much  work  as  the 
average  trainer  gives  ihem  when  working  them  for 
speed.  Hence  there  is  not  the  danger  of  the  horse 
becoming  "track  sick,"  of  which  they  tell.  Again, 
the  track,  by  reason  of  special  preparation,  is  much 
smoother,  more  level  and  even,  consequently  much 
safer  than  the  roads.  After  tbe  horse  has  acquired 
sufficient  speed  in  his  preparation  for  races  perhaps 
he  can  be  worked  to  advantage  on  the  road,  but  I 
doubt  it  very  much,  and  have  never  yet  found  it  neces- 
sary. You  will  sometimes  find  a  colt  that  will  not 
try  to  trot  or  seem  to  take  any  interest  in  trotting  on 
the  track,  which,  when  driven  on  certain  streets  or 
on  certain  places  on  the  road,  will  square  away  and 
show  surprising  speed.  When  this  is  the  case  use 
such  places  for  brushing  him. 


24  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

It  will  sometimes  help  the  colt  to  trot  to  place 
objects,  as  sacks  filled  with  straw  at  intervals  for  a 
short  distance  along  near  the  track  or  road,  for  say 
thirty  or  forty  rods;  not  near  enough  to  the  track  to 
cause  him  to  shy  or  swerve,  but  where  he  can  see 
them.  Take  advantage  of  anything  or  circumstance 
that  induces  the  youngster  to  square  away  and  trot. 

If  everything  is  in  readiness  to  commence  the  colt's 
work,  hitch  him  to  a  light  sulky  and  drive  him  to 
the  track.  Suppose  he  is  a  yearling,  jog  him  from  a 
quarter  to  half  a  mile;  pull  him  up  and  let  him  walk 
a  little  distance;  start  him  up  on  a  jog  again,  and, 
after  going  from  an  eighth  to  a  quarter,  commence 
driving  him  a  little  faster,  increasing  his  gait  to 
about  half  or  two-thirds  speed  for  about  an  eighth; 
then  pull  up  and  let  him  walk -a  little  farther  than 
before.  AVhen  he  has  recovered  his  breath  and  has 
rested  from  his  exertion  start  him  up  again,  making 
the  brush  a  little  sharper,  never  more  than  twenty 
or  thirty  rods  at  first,  often  less,  all  to  be  governed 
by  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  age,  condition,  size 
and  strength  of  the  colt. 

Speed  is  acquired  by  fast  and  frequent  brushes, 
whereas  long  ones  are  not  to  the  purpose,  and,  as  a 
rule,  give  the  colt  only  half  as  much  work  as  you 
think  you  should.  At  first  it  is  better  to  work  the 
colt  round  and  round  the  tracks  and  not  back  and 
forth  on  a  stretch  or  turn,  as  he  will,  in  that  case,  get 
into  the  habit  of  wanting  to  stop  and  turn  round. 

From  two  to  four  miles  is  usually  sufficient  work 
for  the  yearling,  when  he  can  be  worked  half  the  time 
one  way  of  the  track  and  half  the  other.  Have  the 
entire  track  supplied  with  eighth  poles,  carry  your 
timer  and  keep  a  record  of  what  the  colt  is  doing. 

Work  him  eighths  till  he  can  trot  them  as  fast  as 
you  wish  before  even  driving  him  fast  for  a  quarter, 
much  less  a  half  or  a  mile,  as  is  sometimes  done, 
to  the  great  detriment  of  the  colt.  If  he  can't  trot 
an  eighth  fast  he  surely  can't  trot  a  mile  fast. 

The  two-year-old,  three-year-old,  or,  in  fact,  any 
green  horse  should  be  worked  for  speed  on  the  same 
general  plan,  as  he  is  only  a  "colt  of  older  growth." 
His  work  should  be  commenced  in  the  same  way  as 


THE    HORSEAIAN'S    HANDBOOK.  25 

that  of  the  yearling  and  increased  and  varied  accord- 
ing to  the  requirements  of  the  subject.  By  working 
the  colt  on  this  plan  he  is  never  distressed,  never 
becomes  sore  or  tired.  If  at  any  time  he  appears  to 
be  tiring  in  the  least  his  work  should  cease  for  the 
time,  for  when  exhaustion  begins  improvement 
ceases. 

When  he  has  had  his  work  for  the  day  loosen  up  his 
check  and  harness,  continue  his  walking  until  he  is 
all  cooled  off,  which  may  be  from  half  a  mile  to  a 
mile. 

Take  him  to  his  stall,  give  him  a  little  water, 
sponge  out  his  nose,  mouth  and  eyes,  and,  if  neces- 
sary, bandage  him  and  put  on  a  blanket;  give  him  a 
little  "refreshment"  of  some  kind,  grass,  carrots,  bran 
or  oats,  and  let  him  rest.  Never,  on  any  account,  take 
him  to  his  stall  reeking  and  foaming  with  sweat  and 
let  him  stand,  tied  up,  while  he  is  vigorously  "rubbed 
out."  Possibly  this  may  be  necessary  in  his  prepara- 
tion for  races,  but  never  in  the  development  of  speed. 

When  at  any  time  the  horse  is  brought  in  hot  and 
sweaty,  w^hether  during  a  race,  trial  or  work-out, 
shower  or  sponge  him  off  with  warm  water,  scrape 
this  out,  wipe  him  off,  cover  him  up  properly  and 
exercise  him  till  dried  out  and  he  will  never  become 
cross  and  irritable,  as  is  the  case  when  "rubbed,"  as 
is  most  frequently  the  practice. 

When  the  requisite  amount  of  speed  has  been 
developed  for  an  eighth  of  a  mile  gradually  increase 
the  distance  to  a  quarter.  Hold  him  to  the  quarter 
for  some  considerable  time. 

To  prepare  him  to  go  a  mile  up  start  him  from  the 
wire  slowly,  gradually  increasing  his  speed  after  leav- 
ing the  half-mile  pole  if  on  a  mile  track,  or  after  mak- 
ing the  first  round  if  a  half-mile  track,  and  drive 
him  about  as  fast  as  he  can  go  from  the  quarter  pole 
to  the  wire.  This  will  teach  him  to  finish  fast,  a  very 
important  thing  in  a  race. 

When  he  will  go  the  last  quarter  fast  enough  to  suit 
you  work  him  on  the  first  quarter  until  he  will  score 
down  to  the  wire  and  make  the  first  quarter  satisfac- 
torily; go  up  about  to  the  distance  pole,  turn  him 
around,  drive  him  the  first  quarter  about  as  fast  as 


26  THE    HOKSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK. 

he  can  go,  jog  on  around  to  the  half,  start  him  along 
and  make  the  last  quarter  as  fast  as  he  can.  Of 
course,  to  do  all  this  will  require  considerable  time, 
but  be  patient  and  allow  all  the  time  necessary. 

SHAPING    THE    colt's    FEET. 

Due  attention  must  at  all  times  be  given  to  prop- 
erly shaping  the  colt's  feet.  Most  horses  trot  best 
with  long  toes,  both  before  and  behind,  and  the  heels 
should  be  kept  quite  low  to  allow  the  frog  to  reach 
the  ground  and  receive  a  part  of  the  weight,  and  thus 
reduce  the  concussion.  When  the  heels  are  low  and 
the  toes  are  long  a  larger  bearing  surface  is  thus  also 
afforded  to  receive  the  weight  of  the  horse  at  each 
stride,  besides  giving  more  elasticity  to  the  limb  than 
when  the  heels  are  high  and  the  toes  short.  Under 
no  circumstances  should  the  frog  be  trimmed  nor  the 
sole  whittled  out. 

SHOEING  THE   COLT, 

Since,  eventually,  it  will  become  necessary  for  the 
colt  to  carry  shoes,  it  is  well  to  accustom  him  to  their 
use  quite  early  in  his  education.  The  weight  of  the 
shoe  must  be  determined  by  experiment,  always  giv- 
ing preference  to  a  shoe  as  light  as  will  answer  the 
purpose.  Ordinarily  a  plain  front  shoe,  weighing 
from  three  to  six  ounces  will  answer  to  begin  with, 
the  shape  and  weight  to  be  determined  by  subsequent 
experiment.  The  hind  shoe  may  weigh  from  two 
and  one-half  to  five  ounces,  made  with  outside  web 
longer,  trailing  from  half  to  three-quarters  of  an  inch, 
and  furnished  with  a  rather  short,  blunt  calk.  This 
form  of  shoe  is  suggested  because  most  all  horses 
wear  the  outside  of  the  hind  foot  faster  than  the 
inside,  besides,  also,  twisting  the  foot  when  in  the 
act  of  lifting  it  from  the  grount.  The  inside  of  the 
hind  foot  should  also  be  made  a  little  lower  than  the 
outside,  or  the  outside  raised  by  putting  a  piece  of 
leather  between  the  foot  and  shoe.  This  will  cause 
him  to  "clear"  a  little  better  behind  and  not  strike  his 
shins.  The  front  shoe,  especially,  should  be  as  thin 
as  practicable,  in  order  to  allow  frog  and  sole  pres- 


THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK,  27 

sure.  The  action,  both  before  and  behind,  may  be 
modified  by  a  change  in  the  shoeing.  If  the  action  is 
too  high  in  front,  this  may  be  corrected  by  lowering 
the  heels  and  lengthening  the  toes;  if  too  low,  by 
raising  the  heels  and  shortening  the  toes,  but  this 
will  also  shorten  the  stride,  while  the  other  method 
will  lengthen  it. 

If  it  is  desired  to  experiment  with  shorter  toes, 
supposing  now  the  toes  are  long,  it  is  not  necessary 
to  cut  them  off,  but  just  make  a  shoe  the  desired 
length,  nail  it  on,  and  leave  the  toe  intact.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  the  toes  are  short,  the  shoes  may  be 
made  as  long  as  desired  and  allowed  to  project  in 
front  of  the  toe. 

Finally,  first  give  the  foot  the  proper  shape;  fit  the 
shoe  to  the  foot,  do  not  trim  the  frog  nor  shave  out 
the  sole;  use  small  nails;  do  not  file  the  shell  to 
receive  the  clinches;  do  not  rasp  the  shell. 

BOOTING  THE  COLT. 

Too  much  care  cannot  be  exercised  in  properly 
protecting  the  colt  from  the  beginning  by  the  use  of 
light,  nicely-fitting  boots.  It  is  not  safe  to  wait  till 
the  colt  has  demonstrated  by  hurting  himself  what 
boots  he  must  have.  Such  a  course  is  liable  to  be  a 
costly  experiment.  Such  boots  as  are  proven  unneces- 
sary can  then  be  left  off.  "Whenever  the  colt  has 
advanced  far  enough  in  his  work  to  begin  brushing 
he  should  be  provided  with  the  following  boots,  others 
if  he  seems  to  need  them:  Scalpers,  quarter-boots, 
tendon  boots,  and  shin  and  ankle  boots,  with  speedy- 
cut  attachment.  After  working  for  some  time,  if  it  is 
ascertained  that  some  of  these  boots  are  not  needed 
they  can  be  left  off. 

The  perfect  trotter  is  the  one  that  can  go  without 
boots,  weights,  or  any  other  mechanical  appliances 
whatever,  but  it  is  not  safe  to  begin  that  way,  as  by 
reason  of  his  striking  and  hurting  himself  the  colt  is 
liable  to  acquire  bad  habits  and  faulty  action,  which 
it  may  be  impossible  to  ever  entirely  overcome. 
Verily  "an  ounce  of  prevention  is  worth  a  pound  of 
cure."  J.  W.  Mercer. 


28  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 


CHAPTEE  IV. 


CARE    AND    MANAGEMENT    OF    CAMPAIGNERS. 

Begin  work  with  your  colt  as  early  as  convenient, 
and,  in  spite  of  all  that  is  written  about  tiresome 
walking  and  jogging,  commence  by  giving  your  horse 
walking  exercise.  We  can  only  speak  in  general 
terms,  for  the  same  amount  of  work  of  any  kind 
will  not  do  for  all  horses,  but  any  watchful  man  that 
is  capable  of  handling  good  horses  will  soon  learn 
what  amount  is  suflEicient  for  the  horses  under  his 
charge,  always  being  careful  not  to  weary  or  disgust 
the  horse  with  his  work.  On  the  contrary,  have  him 
come  in  feeling  as  if  he  could  have  done  a  little  more. 
After  he  has  been  walked  for  several  weeks,  com- 
mence jogging,  and  jog  on  the  road,  if  practicable, 
for  nothing  is  so  monotonous  to  both  horse  and  driver 
as  jogging  on  the  track.  It  also  has  a  tendency  to 
make  horses  travel  low.  There  being  no  obstructions 
for  them  to  raise  their  feet  over,  they  art  apt  to  gei 
in  the  habit  of  slouching  along,  stumbling  and 
knuckling  over,  which  I  have  found  road-jogging  lo 
correct  in  a  measure,  and  often  entirely  overcome. 

Your  campaigner  should  be  regularly  and  carefully 
fed  and  watered.  My  idea  of  feeding  is  to  regulate 
the  feed  to  the  work,  feeding  less  when  the  horse  is 
getting  slow  work  and  increasing  the  feed  with  the 
work.  No  set  rule  can  be  laid  down  for  all  horses  as 
regards  quantity,  for  two  horses  receiving  the  same 
work  will  require  to  be  fed  differently,  owing  to  differ- 
ence in  size,  constitution  and  other  reasons  that  I  or 
no  one  else  can  explain. 

We  have  now  got  to  a  point  where  we  can  send  him 
along  some,  but  do  not  give  him  a  full  mile  at  first 
or  you  will  probably  find  your  horse  next  day  with 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  29 

his  ankles  puffed  and  walking  gingerly  when  led  out. 
I  have  seen  horses  right  off  pasture  speeded  a  mile, 
and  the  driver  would  wonder  what  ailed  his  horse 
when  he  found  him  stocked  and  feverish,  and  would 
probably  pronounce  him  "n.  g."  which  he  surely 
would  be  if  this  kind  of  training  was  kept  up  and 
while  on  this  subject  let  me  say  there  are  more  horses 
knocked  out  for  a  season;  and  some  altogether,  by 
speeding  them  before  their  legs  and  feet  are  seasoned 
by  slow  work  than  lots  of  people  have  any  idea  of. 
To  illustrate,  let  any  man  who  has  not  gone  out  for  a 
walk  for  as  short  a  space  of  time  as  two  or  three 
months,  cut  loose  and  run  100  or  150  yards  as  fast 
as  he  can,  or  jump  his  best  eight  or  ten  times,  I  don't 
think  he  would  care  to  repeat  it  next  day.  Well,  a 
horse  feels  just  that  way,  and  there  is  some  differ- 
ence between  150  yards  and  one  mile,  and  if  it  is  kept 
up  with  the  horse  it  is  dead  sure  to  "do"  him.  To 
resume,  then  speed  your  horse  short  distances  at  first, 
and  gradually  work  him  up  to  a  mile,  and  even  then 
do  not  drive  him  as  fast  as  he  can  go  unless  it  be 
just  at  the  finish.  It  is  not  necessary  to  get  all  out  of 
a  horse  there  is  in  him  in  his  work.  It  is  sometimes 
in  his  races^  but  then  we  are  out  for  blood  and 
glory. 

Many  a  horse  has  lost  races  he  could  have  won  by 
being  driven  to  exhaustion  in  trials^  or  in  his. work, 
which  ever  you  please  to  call  it,  one  or  two  days 
before  his  race,  and  the  time  would  be  too  short  to 
recuperate.  (I  have  seen  them  get  such  doses  that  all 
time  was  too  short.) 

A  campaigner  should  get  repeats,  and  even  three  or 
four  heats,  and  more,  if  necessary,  but  not  until  he 
has  been  prepared  for  them  by  plenty  of  slow  work, 
for  without  them  he  could  never  stay  up  in  a  race  of 
broken  heats.  What  I  condemn  is  driving  a  horse  for 
all  he  is  worth  in  his  exercise.  A  campaigner  will 
get  all  that  kind  of  work  in  his  races  that  is  good 
for  him,  and  more,  too.  Let  your  horse  always  have 
a  little  to  go  on  and  he  will  amply  repay  you  when 
he  is  out  for  the  money.  Do  your  hard  driving  when 
there  is  something  in  sight. 


30  THE    HOESEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

A  campaigner  should  be  taught  to  score  well,  and  a 
horse  with  a  good  head,  and  the  same  kind  on  the 
driver  behind  him,  with  a  little  practice  will  soon 
learn  so  he  can  be  rated  to  his  driver's  wish  on  com- 
ing to  the  wire;  and  a  good  scorer  is  almost  half  the 
fight  for  if  your  horse  gets  rattled  or  excited  in  scor- 
ing you  may  be  sure  the  others  will  keep  him  scoring 
till  he  is  more  fit  to  go  to  the  barn  than  a  race,  but  as 
the  rattle-heads  rarely  make  campaigners  we  will  say 
no  more  of  them.  They  are  generally  a  disappoint- 
ment financially  and  in  all  other  ways. 

If  possible  work  your  horse  in  company.  You  can 
condition  a  horse  by  working  him  alone,  and  you  can 
make  some  speed,  but  you  can  not  make  a  cam- 
paigner. Any  horse  fit  for  a  campaigner  has  the 
spirit  of  rivalry  born  and  bred  in  him,  and  his  desire 
to  win  is  as  strong  as  his  driver's,  and  sometimes 
far  stronger,  when,  if  worked  alone,  it  gets  monot- 
onous, and  in  a  short  time  your  horse  will  get  dis- 
gusted and  not  try.  You  must  learn  to  understand 
your  horse's  varying  moods.  No  horse  feels  the  same 
two  days  in  succession,  and  for  that  reason  you  can 
not  prescribe  his  work  for  days  ahead.  Some  jog 
one  day  and  speed  the  next,  or  speed  twice  a  week 
and  jog  the  intervening  days,  when,  probably  if  they 
had  consulted  the  horse's  feelings,  they  would  have 
jagged  when  speeded,  and  the  reverse.  There  is 
altogether  too  much  routine  work.  If  you  take 
your  horse  out  with  the  intention  of  speeding 
him  and  see  he  is  not  feeling  just  right  (and 
they  show  it  very  plainly  with  their  actions,  if  they 
can  not  talk)  just  forego  the  pleasure  of  a  fast  ride 
and  either  give  him  slow  w^ork  instead  or  take  him 
back  to  the  barn,  for  in  trying  to  get  speed  out  of 
him  when  he  does  not  feel  that  way  will  probably 
result  in  a  misunderstanding.  He  will  leave  his  feet 
on  slight  provocation,  or  on  none  at  all,  or  do  a 
little  hopping  or  something  else  which  you  will  be 
sure  to  lay  to  his  jimmying,  and  the  whip  will  be 
brought  into  play  just  to  let  him  know  who  is  behind 
him  and  that  you  will  have  no  monkeying,  and  a 
general  row  will  ensue  that  horse  nor  driver  will 
probably  get  over  for  several  days,  and  when  brought 


THE    HOESEMAN'fc.    HANDBOOK.  31 

out  again,  even  if  you  have  forgotten  your  little 
difference  of  opinion,  be  sure  that  the  horse  has  not, 
and  will  lok  for  the  same  kind  of  a  whirl  he  got 
when  last  hitched  and  act  accordingly,  when,  if  he 
has  been  taken  back  with  no  work  or  only  a  slow 
jog,  he  will  probably  come  out  next  time  feeling 
good  and  both  surprise  and  please  you  with  his  per- 
formance. 

'  The  management  of  horses  in  races  depends  so 
much  on  circumstances  that  it  is  very  hard  to.  lay 
any  plans.  You  may  make  up  your  mind  what  you 
are  going  to  do  and  something  may  turn  up  that 
will  upset  your  calculations — in  fact,  is  almost  sure 
to;  but  get  as  good  a  start  as  you  can  and  keep 
your  wits  about  you  ever  ready  to  profit  by  any  mis- 
take of  your  opponent,  and  don't  pump  your  horse 
out  trying  to  win  at  the  quarter  or  half-mile  pole,  for 
the  money  is  not  there,  but  at  the  wire.  Personally, 
my  experience  in  races  has  been  in  the  saddle,  and 
I  know  that  a  horse  that  is  able  to  cover  a  mile 
at  a  fair  rate  of  speed  can  be  pumped  out  in  half 
the  distance  if  set  going  from  the  jump.  If  a  sen- 
sation is  what  you  are  after  it  is  all  very  well  to 
open  a  big  gap  at  the  half,  but  the  gap  will  be  ahead 
of  you  oftener  than  behind  you  at  the  wire. 

In  the  stable  the  horse  should  have  his  feed  and 
water  regularly,  and  be  kept  thoroughly  clean  and 
his  box  the  same.  His  clothing  I  would  make  as 
light  as  possible,  and  if  he  has  not  been  accustomed 
to  any  I  would  not  commence  it  unless  it  were  a  light 
sheet  and  hood  to  keep  the  dust  off.  I  do  not  believe 
in  coddling  them,  especially  in  the  west,  where  the 
stables  are  mere  sheds,  in  many  instances,  and  they 
have  to  stand  more  or  less  roughing  it  during  the 
campaign  season.  If  pampered  at  home,  when  they 
get  where  the  are  to  trot  or  run  the  change  it  too 
great,  the  result  a  cold;  the  horse  has  to  be  scratched 
and  can  not  fill  his  engagements. 

Boots,  shoes  and  weights  are  necessary  evils,  and 
the  less  of  any  of  them  you  can  possibly  get  along 
with  the  better.  Like  all  else  about  your  campaigner, 
no  two  of  them  require  the  same,  and  the  nearer  you 
can  reduce  them  to  a  cipher  the  better  for  your  horse. 


32  THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK. 

Of  course  some  horses  must  have  them^  but  what 
I  mean  is,  don't  make  them  carry  a  quarter  of  an 
ounce  more  than  necesary,  which  can  only  be  told 
by  experience,  and  everyone  has  to  figure  that  out 
for  himself. 

In  the  care  of  your  horse  after  a  race  I  believe  in 
leaving  nothing  undone  to  properly  cool  him  out  and 
make  him  comfortable,  for  no  man  can  have  the 
faintest  idea  what  a  horse  undergoes  to  win  a  hard 
race,  unless  it  is  an  athelete  who  has  undergone  some- 
thing similar  and  he  is  not  urged  to  his  utmost  with 
a  whip  and  can  give  up  and  quit  when  beaten  or  done 
up.  So  he  should  be  blanketed,  bandaged,  rubbed  and 
walked — yes,  and  even  scraped — and  care  taken  that 
he  does  not  cool  out  too  fast  or  catch  cold,  and  should 
not  be  left  until  thoroughly  cool  and  done  up  if  it 
takes  all  night.  — J.  J.  Kelly. 


EXILES  AND  EEGULATIONS 

OF  THE 

flMERIGflN  TROTTING  flSSOGIflTION 

[To  Govern  All  Engagements  and  Performances  over  the 
Courses  of  Members.] 


Enacted  by  the  American  Trotting  Association  at  the 
Congress  held  at  Chicago,  III.,  May  6,  1902. 


MANDATE. 

Rule  1.  All  trotting  and  pacing  engagements  and  per- 
formances over  the  several  courses  which  are,  or  shall 
be  represented  by  membership  in  "The  American 
Trotting  Association,"  and  each  and  every  person 
who  shall  in  any  way  be  concerned  or  employed  therein, 
as  well  as  all  Associations  and  proprietors  themselves 
who  are  or  shall  become  members  of  said  Association, 
shall  be  governed  by  the  following  Rules  and  by  the 
By-Lav/s    of  the   Association: 

ENTRIES. 

Rule  2.  All  entries  must  be  made  in  writing,  signed 
by  the  owner,  agent  or  authorized  person;  and,  within  the 
time  appointed  for  closing,  they  must  be  addressed  and 
forwarded  according  to  the  published  conditions,  or  de- 
posited with  the  Secretary  or  other  person  authorized  to 
receive  them.  An  entry  by  telephone  must  be  reduced 
to  writing  by  the  person  receiving  the  same,  and  the 
name  of  the  person  making  the  entry  signed  thereto  by 
the  recipient,  by  him  as  agent,  and  the  entr^'  delivered 
prior  to  the  hour  of  closing  to  the  person  authorized  to 
receive   it. 

Rule  3.  All  entries  not  actually  received  as  aforesaid, 
33 


34  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

at  the  hour  of  closing,  shall  be  ineligible,  except  entries 
by  letter  bearing  postmark  not  later  than  the  day  of 
closing,  or  entries  notified  by  telegraph,  the  telegram 
to  be  actually  received  at  the  office  of  sending  at  or 
before  the  hour  of  closing,  such  telegram  to  state  the 
color,  sex,  and  name  of  the  horse,  and  the  class  to  be 
entered,  also  to  give  the  name  and  residence  of  the  party 
making  the   entry. 

Rule  4.  The  hour  for  closing  the  entries  for  all  purses 
or  premiums  offered  by  any  of  the  associated  courses 
shall  be  11  o'clock  p.  M.,  except  for  stakes  and  purses 
for  horses  to  be  named  at  the  post,  the  entries  to  which 
shall   close   one   hour   before   the    time   fixed   for   the   race. 

Rule  5.  Nominations  for  stakes  shall  not  be  privileged 
to  compete  unless  the  payments  have  been  made  as  re- 
quired by  the  conditions.  And  nominations  for  premi- 
ums may  be  rejected  when  not  accompanied  by  the  en- 
trance  money. 

Rule  6.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary,  or  other 
person  authorized,  to  publish  the  list  of  entries,  and  to 
mail  each  Kominator  and  to  the  Secretary  of  the  American 
Trotting  Association  a  copy  of  the  same.  In  case  any 
race  has  not  filled,  the  Secretary  shall,  within  seventy- 
two  hours  after  closing  of  entries,  notify  each  nominator, 
either  by  telegraph  or  mail,  that  said  class  has  not 
filled. 

Rule  7.  Every  entry  shall  constitute  an  agreement 
that  the  person  making  it,  the  owner,  driver,  rider,  and 
horse  shall  be  subject  to  these  Rules,  Regulations,  and 
By-Laws,  and  will  submit  all  disputes  and  questions 
arising  out  of  such  entry  to  the  authority  and  judgment  of 
this    Association,    whose    decision    shall    be   final. 

Rule  8.  Associations  in  membership  with  The  American 
Trotting  Association  must  state  that  fact  in  their  pub- 
lished  conditions. 

ENTRANCE     FEE. 

Rule  9.  The  entrance  fee  shall  be  10  per  cent,  of  the 
purse,  unless  otherwise  specified;  and  any  person  failing 
to  pay  his  entrance  dues,  or  in  stake  races  his  declara- 
tion, forfeit,  or  entrance,  may,  together  with  his  horse  or 
horses,    be    suspended   until    they    are   paid   in    full,    which 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  35 

shall  be  with  an  addition  of  10  per  cent,  penalty,  and 
interest  on  the  whole  at  6  per  cent,  per  annum  until 
paid,  the  penalty,  j^ercentage  and  interest  thereon  to  go 
to    Th'j    American    Trotting   Association. 

Rule  10.  No  suspension  for  non-payment  of  entrance 
fee  as  aforesaid  shall  be  lawful  unless  ordered  within 
two  weeks  of  the  close  of  the  meeting;  and  no  suspension 
shall  be  imposed  for  non-payment  of  such  fee  contracted 
in  a  class  wherein  the  horse  was  permitted  to  start,  ex- 
cept when  credit  is  extended;  and  in  any  case  when  the 
member  has  applied  for  membership  subsequent  to  the 
closing  of  its  entries,  such  suspension  shall  be  unlawful 
unless  notice  of  intended  membership  has  been  given 
prior  to  the  closing  of  the   entries. 

Rule  11.  An  entry  signed  by  the  nominator,  or  his 
agent,  and  delivered  by  mail  or  otherwise  to  the  person 
authorized  to  receive  it,  shall  be  deemed  to  be  made 
under  the  published  conditions  of  the  race,  and  bound 
absolutely  for  the  entrance  fee,  regardless  of  any  pro- 
posed conditions  in,  attached  to,  or  connected  with  the 
entry,  not  in  conformity  with  such  published  conditions; 
and  any  member  who  shall  make  a  collusive  arrangement, 
to  allow  a  nominator  privileges  differing  from  those  al- 
lowed by  the  terms  of  the  race  to  other  entries  in  the 
same  class,  shall  upon  satisfactory  evidence  thereof  pro- 
duced to  the  Board  of  Appeals,  be  held  to  forfeit  to  this 
Association  the  amount  of  the  purse  in  which  such  collu- 
sive arrangement  was  made,  one  half  of  such  forfeit  to 
go  to  the  informant  upon  the  recovery  of  the  same,  and 
the  member,  upon  a  second  conviction  of  like  character, 
shall  be   expelled. 

HOW     AIANY     TO     ENTER     AND     START. 

Rule  12.  In  all  purses  three  or  more  entries  are  re- 
quired, and  two  to  start,  unless  otherwise  specified.  An 
association  deviating  from  the  above  must  specify  bow 
many   entries  and    starters   are  required. 

HORSES     TO     BE     ELIGIBLE     WHEN     ENTRIES     CLOSE. 

Rule  13.  A  horse  shall  not  be  eligible  to  start  in  any 
race  that  has  beaten  the  time  advertised  prior  to  the 
closing  of  the  entries  for  the  race  in  which  he  is  enterec'.. 


36  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

unless  otherwise  specified  in  the  published  conditions. 
Fractions  of  a  second  shall  be  considered  in  determining 
the  time  made,  and  shall  be  entered  in  the  record,  but 
they  shall  not  operate  as  a  bar  in  making  entries;  that 
is,  a  horse  gaining  a  bar  or  record  of  2:29  and  a  fraction 
shall  remain  eligible  in  the  2:.30  class;  or  classes  "for 
horses  that  have  never  beaten  2:30,"  or  for  "horses  with 
records   no  better  than   2:30." 

Rule  14.  A  horse  shall  not  be  eligible  if  the  time 
specified  has  been  beaten  by  him  at  a  greater  distance; 
that  is  a  horse  having  made  two  miles  in  five  minutes 
shall  take  a  record  of  2:30  and  be  eligible  for  a  2:30  race, 
but  not  for  a  race  limited  to  horses  of  a  slower  class 
than  that.  In  mixed  races,  trotting  and  pacing,  a  horse 
must  be  eligible  to  the  class  at  both  gaits  and  it  must 
be  stated  in  the  entry  at  which  gait  the  horse  will 
perform. 

DESCRIPTION    AND    NAME    OP    EACH    HORSE    REQUIRED. 

Rule  15.  An  accurate  and  sufiicient  description  of  each 
entry  will  be  required,  such  as  shall  identify  the  animal 
and   shall   embrace  the  following  particulars,   to-wit: 

[COLOR.] 

Rule  16.  The  color  shall  always  be  given,  and  when 
necessary  to  identification,  the  marks  shall  be  stated. 

[SEX   AND    PEDIGREE.] 

Rule  17.  It  shall  be  distinctly  stated  whether  the 
entry  be  a  stallion,  mare  or  gelding,  and  the  names  of 
the  sire  and  dam,  if  known,  shall  be  given  in  all  cases, 
and  when  unknown  it  shall  be  so  stated  in  the  entry. 
If  this  requirement  as  to  pedigree  is  not  complied  with, 
the  entry  may  be  rejected;  and  when  the  pedigree  is  given, 
it  shall  be  stated  by  the  member  with  the  publication  of 
the  entry,  and  if  the  pedigree  or  record  of  a  horse  be 
falsely  stated,  for  the  purpose  of  deception,  the  guilty 
party   shall   be   fined,   suspended  or  expelled. 

[NAME    OF    HORSE.] 

Rule  18.  Every  horse  shall  be  named,  and  the  name 
correctly  and  plainly  written  in  the  entry;  and  after  start- 
ing in  a  public  race  such  name  shall  not  be  changed  with- 


RULES  AMD  REGULATIONS.  37 

cut  procuring  a  record  thereof  to  be  made  in  the  office  of 
the  Secretary  of  this  Association,  for  which  there  shall  be 
paid  a  recording  fee  of  $50,  the  fee  to  go  to  this  Associa- 
tion. For  each  violation  of  this  re(iuirement  a  fine  of  $100 
may  be  imposed,  together  with  .suspension  of  the  horse 
until  paid,  and  no  horse  shall  be  thus  recorded  by  a  name 
that  has   been  recorded  for  another  horse. 

Provided,  that  when  a  recording  fee  has  been  paid  to 
the  National  Trotting  Association,  or  the  change  of  name 
has  been  required  by  the  American  Trotting  Register  Asso- 
ciation for  the  purpose  of  registration,  no  recording  fee 
shall  be  charged  by  this  Association.  Certificates  from  the 
aforesaid  Associations  to  be  furnished  that  the  recording 
fee  has  been  paid,  or  the  name  was  required  to  be  changed, 
as  the  case  may  be. 

'  Rule  19.  If  a  horse  has  ever  trotted  in  a  public  race, 
the  last  name  under  which  he  or  she  trotted  shall  be  given 
with  the  entry;  and  if  the  name  has  been  changed,  within 
one  year,  each  name  he  or  she  has  borne  during  that  time 
must  be  given;  and  if  any  horse  without  a  name  has  ever 
trotted  in  a  public  race,  mention  must  be  made  in  the 
entry  of  a  sufficient  number  of  his  or  her  most  recent 
performances,  to  enable  interested  parties  to  identify  the 
animal. 

[TEAMS    AND    TEAM    RACES.] 

Rule  20.  In  all  double-team  races  the  entry  must  con- 
tain the  name  and  description  of  each  horse,  in  the  man- 
ner provided  for  entry  of  single  horses,  but  three  horses 
may  be  named,   from  which  the  starters  must  be   selected. 

IDENTIFICATION. 

Rule  21.  The  residence  and  post-office  address,  in  full, 
of  the  owner,  agent  or  person  in  whose  name  an  entry  is 
made  must  always  be  given,  and  if  the  name  or  residence 
be  falsely  stated,  for  the  purpose  of  deception,  the  entry 
may  be  ruled  out  with  forfeiture  of  entrance  money,  and 
the  offender  shall  be  fined,  suspended  or  expelled. 

RULH  22.  If  the  nominator  is  not  the  owner  he  shall 
state  the  name  and  residence  of  the  owner  with  the  nom- 
ination, or  he  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  if  the  owner  is 
disqualified,  such  fine  to  be  not  less  than  $50,  or  more  than 
$100. 


38  RULES  AND  REGULATIOKS. 

Rule  23.  Whenever  the  nominator  is  personally  un- 
known to  the  officers  of  the  course,  if  required  he  shall 
establish  his  identity  by  sufficient  references  or  evidence. 
In  case  of  demand  for  identification,  the  identity  or  eligi- 
bility of  every  entry  shall  be  established  to  the  satisfaction 
of  the  Judges  or  member.  Drivers,  owners,  and  others 
shall  have  the  right  at  all  times  to  give  information  to 
the  Judges  of  frauds  or  wrongs  perpetrated  or  attempted 
against  the  Association  without  incurring  penalty  for  such 
action.  If  the  Judges  are  not  satisfied  in  regard  to  said^ 
identity  and  eligibility,  before  or  after  the  start,  all  pools 
and  bets  on  said  horse  may  be  declared  off;  if  so  declared 
off  it  shall  be  publicly  announced  from  the  stand.  In  such 
cases  if  the  horse  is  not  identified  and  his  eligibility  estab- 
lished within  thirty  days,  he  shall  be  barred  from  winning, 
unless  the  case  is  appealed  or  referred  to  the  Board  of 
Appeals.  Any  premium  which  is  withheld  from  a  disqual- 
ified man  or  horse,  and  which  is  not  distributable  under 
the  rules  to  another  entry  in  the  race,  shall  revert  to  the 
member.  • 

Rule  24.  Any  member  or  any  officer  of  this  Association 
may  call  for  information  concerning  the  identity  of  any 
horse  that  is  or  has  been  entered  on  the  grounds  of  a 
member,  and  may  demand  an  opportunity  to  examine  such 
horse  with  a  view  to  establish  his  identity,  and  if  the 
owner  or  party  controlling  such  horse  shall  refuse  to  afford 
such  information  or  to  allow  such  examination,  the  horse 
and  the  said  owner  or  party  may  be  suspended  or  expelled 
by  order  of  the  Judges  pending  the  race,  or  thereafter  by 
the  member,   or  by  the   President  of  this  Association. 

Rule  25.  Whenever  reasonable  grounds  exist  for  a  belief 
that  any  person  can  give  material  evidence  that  would  aid 
in  the  detection  or  exposure  of  any  fraud  or  wrong  on  the 
trotting  turf,  in  a  case  under  investigation,  or  pending 
before  the  Board  of  Appeals,  the  President  or  Secretary 
may  require  such  person  to  testify  by  deposition  or  affi- 
davit, or  in  person  before  such  Board,  but  without  cost  to 
the  witness  for  necessary  expenses.  Any  person  required 
to  testify  as  aforesaid,  who  shall  fail  or  refuse  to  comply, 
may,  after  due  notice,  be  suspended  by  the  President  until 
the  requirement  is  complied  with,  or  until  relieved  by  the 
President  or  by  the  Board  of  Appeals. 


RULES  AXD  REGULATIONS.  39 

ENTRIES    THAT    CANNOT     START. 

Rule  26.  As  many  horses  may  be  entered  by  one  party, 
or  as  many  horses  trained  in  the  same  stable,  as  may  be 
desired,  but  only  one  that  has  been  owned  or  controlled 
wholly  or  partly  by  the  same  person  or  persons,  or  trained 
in  the  same  stable  within  ten  days  preceding  the  race,  can 
start  in  any  race  of  heats,  but  nothing  in  this  restriction 
shall  be  construed  to  prohibit  a  member  from  opening  a 
stake  or  purse  race  with  a  condition  that  a  nominator 
therein   may  start  two  or  more   of  his  entries, 

NO     PURSE    FOR    A     "WALK     OVER," 

Rule  27.  No  purse  or  added  money  to  a  stake  will  be 
awarded  for  a  "walk  over,"  but  in  cases  where  only  one 
of  the  horses  entered  for  a  purse  shall  appear  on  the 
course,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  his  own  entrance  money 
and  one-half  of  the  entrance  money  received  from  the 
other  entries  for  said  purse.  In  a  "Stake  Race,"  a  walk 
over  is  entitled  to  all  the  stake  money  and  forfeit,  unless 
otherwise  provided  in  the  published  conditions. 

IN  CASE  OF  DEATH,  ENGAGEMENTS  VOID. 

Rule  28.  All  engagements,  including  obligations  for 
entrance  fees,  shall  be  void  upon  the  decease  of  either 
party  or  horse,  prior  to  the  starting  of  the  race,  so  far  as 
they  shall  affect  the  deceased  party  or  horse;  except  where 
the  proprietorship  is  in  more  than  one  person,  and  any 
survive,  the  survivor  and  horse  shall  be  held;  but  forfeits, 
also  matches  made  "play  or  pay,"  shall  not  be  affected  by 
the  death  of  a  horse. 

MATCH    RACES. 

Rule  29.  In  all  match  races  these  rules  shall  govern, 
unless  the  contrary  be  expressly  stipulated  and  assented 
to  by  the  club,  association  or  proprietor  of  the  course  over 
which  the  race   is  to  come   off. 

WHEN     MATCHES     BECOME     "PLAY    OR     PAY." 

Rule  30.  In  all  matches  made  to  come  off  over  any  of 
the  associate  courses,  the  parties  shall  place  the  amount 
of  the  match  in  the  hands  of  the  stakeholder  one  day 
before  the  event  (omitting  Sunday)  is  to  come  off,  at  such 
time  and  place  as  the  club,  association  or  proprietor,  upon 


40  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

application,  may  determine,  and  the  race  shall  then  become 
"play  or  pay." 

PURSE    OR    MONEY    WRONGFULLY    OBTAINED. 

Rule  31.  A  person  obtaining  a  purse  or  money  through 
fraud  or  error  shall  surrender  or  pay  the  same  to  the 
Secretary  of  this  Association,  if  demanded  by  the  member, 
or  by  the  President  or  Secretary  of  this  Association,  or  by 
order  of  the  Board  of  Appeals,  or  he,  together  with  the 
parties  implicated  in  the  wrong,  and  the  horse  or  horses 
shall  be  suspended  until  such  demand  is  complied  with, 
and  such  purse  or  money  shall  be  awarded  to  the  party 
justly  entitled  to  the  same. 

FRAUDULENT     ENTRIES    OR     MEDDLING    WITH    HORSES. 

Rule  32.  Any  person  found  guilty  of  dosing  or  tamper- 
ing with  any  horse,  or  of  making  a  fraudulent  entry  of  any 
horse,  or  of  disguising  a  horse  with  intent  to  conceal  his 
identity,  or  being  in  any  way  concerned  in  such  a  trans- 
action,  shall  be  expelled. 

Rule  33.  Any  horse  that  shall  have  been  painted  or 
disguised,  to  represent  another  or  different  horse,  or  shall 
have  been  entered  in  a  class  in  which  he  does  not  belong, 
shall  forfeit  the  entrance  money,  and  the  guilty  party  and 
horse  shall  be  fined,   suspended  or  expelled. 

PROTESTS. 

(See  Chapter  X,   By-Laws.) 

Rule  34.  Protests  may  be  made  at  any  time  before  the 
winnings  are  paid  over,  and  shall  be  reduced  to  writing 
and  sworn  to,  and  shall  contain  at  least  one  specific  charge, 
which,  if  true,  would  prevent  the  horse  from  winning; 
and  when  required,  a  statement  of  the  nature  of  the  evi- 
dence upon  which  they  are  based,  and  they  shall  be  filed 
wiih  the  Judges  or  member  before  the  close  of  the  meet- 
ing; and  the  protesting  party  shall  afterwards  be  allowed 
to   file  additional  charges  with  evidence. 

Rule  35.  The  Judges  shall  in  every  case  of  protest  de- 
mand that  the  rider  or  driver,  and  the  owner  or  owners, 
if  present,  shall  immediately  testify  under  oath,  in  the 
manner  hereinafter  provided;  and  in  case  of  their  refusal 
to  do  so,  the  horse  shall  not  be  allowed  thereupon  to  start 


BULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  41 

or  continue  in   the  race,   but  shall   be   considered   and   de- 
clared ruled  out,   with  forfeit  of  entrance  money. 

Rule  36.  But  if  the  parties  do  comply  and  take  the  oath 
as  herein  required,  unless  the  Judges  find  satisfactory  evi- 
dence to  warrant  excluding  the  horse,  they  shall  allow 
him  to  start  or  continue  in  the  race  under  protest,  and  the 
premium,  if  any  is  won  by  that  horse,  shall  be  retained 
thirty  days  to  allow  the  parties  interested  a  chance  to  sus- 
tain the  allegations  of  the  protest,  or  to  furnish  informa- 
tion which  shall  warrant  an  investigation  of  the  matter 
by  the  associate  member  or  the  Board  of  Appeals.  Where 
no  action  as  aforesaid  has  been  taken  to  sustain  a  protest, 
or  to  furnish  information,  during  thirty  days,  the  member 
may  proceed  as  if  such   protest  had   not  been   made. 

Rule  37.  In  any  heat  which  such  protested  horse  shall 
win,  the  Judges  shall  waive  the  application  of  a  distance 
as   to  all   other  horses,   except  for  fouls. 

Rule  38.  When  a  protest  is  presented  before  or  during 
a  race,  and  the  parties  refuse  to  make  the  prescribed  oath, 
it  the  Judges  believe  that  either  the  protest  or  the  refusal 
is  designed  to  favor  a  fraud,  they  may  require  the  horse 
under  protest  to  start  or  continue  in  the  race. 

Rule  39.  Any  person  found  guilty  of  protesting  a  horse 
falsely  and  without  cause,  or  merely  with  intent  to  em- 
barrass a  race,  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
$100,   or  by  suspension  or  expulsion. 

Rule  40.  When  a  protest  has  been  duly  made,  or  any 
information  lodged  with  the  Judges  in  support  of  a  protest, 
alleging  an  improper  entry  or  any  act  prohibited  or  pun- 
ishable under  these  rules,  the  same  shall  not  be  withdrawn 
or  surrendered  before  the  expiration  of  thirty  days,  without 
the  approbation  of  the  Association  or  proprietor  of  the 
course  upon  which  such  protest  or  information  was  pro- 
duced; and  if  any  member  shall  permit  such  a  withdrawal 
of  protest  or  information,  with  a  corrupt  motive  to  favor 
any  party  who  shall  be  affected  by  the  same,  the  executive 
officers  so  permitting,  if  convicted  by  the  Board  of  Appeals, 
shall  be  expelled  from  all  connection  with  the  American 
Trotting  Association. 

Rule  41.  Members  shall  be  warranted  in  withholding 
the  premium  of  any  horse,  during  the  time  herein  men- 
tioned,   without   any    formal    protest   if    they   shall    receive 


42  EULE9  AND  REGULATIONS. 

information  in  their  judgment  tending  to  establish  that  the 
entry  was  fraudulent  or  ineligible.  Premiums  withheld 
under  this  rule  to  be  forthwith  sent  to  the  Secretary  of 
this  Association  to  await  the  result  of  an  investigation  by 
the  member  or  by  the  Board  of  Appeals,  and  if  the  eligi- 
bility of  the  horse  is  not  established  within  thirty  days  he 
shall  then  be  barred  from  winning  unless  the  case  is 
appealed. 

Rule  42.     The  oath   required  in   answer  to  protest  shall 
be  in   the   following  form,   to-wit: 

I of in  the  County 

of State    of on    oath 

depose  and  say  that  1   am  the of  the 

called the  same  entered  in 

a  purse  for  horses  that  have  never better  than 

minutes    and seconds, 

to  be  competed  for  this  day  on  this  course,  and  the  same 
that  has  been  protested,  and  to  which  protest  this  affidavit 
is  in  answer,  that  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief 
said  beforementioned  horse  is  eligible  to  compete  in  the 
race  aforesaid;  and  that  I  fully  believe  all  the  provisions 
and  conditions  required  in  the  rules  and  regulations  for 
the  government  of  trials  of  speed  over  this  course  were 
fully  and  honestly  complied  with  in  making  the  entry 
aforesaid. 

Given  under  my  hand  at this 

day  of A.  D.  190.. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me,   this 

day  of A.  D.  190.. 


[Note. — This  oath  may  be  administered  by  an  officer  of 
the  Association,  or  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  race,  and  it 
will  be  considered  sufficient.  The  affiant  must  also  be 
required  to  state  in  the  above  affidavit  whether  or  not  he 
has  personal  knowledge  of  the  eligibility  of  the  horse,  and 
if  he  has  such  knowledge,  to  state  upon  what  it  is  founded.] 

DRAWING    HORSES. 

Rule  43.  No  horse  shall  be  drawn  except  by  permission 
of  the  Judges  of  the  race,  unless  at  or  before  seven  o'clock 


RULES  AND  REGULATIOXS.  43 

p,  M.  of  the  day  preceding  the  race  (omitting  Sunday),  the 
proper  party  shall  have  lodged  with  the  Secretary  a  written 
notice,  or  notice  by  telegraph,  of  his  intention  not  to  start, 
after  which  notice  the  horse  so  drawn  shall  be  ineligible 
to  start  in  the  race.  For  a  violation  of  the  requirement 
herein,  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $100,  or  suspension  or  expulsion, 
may  be  imposed,  the  penalty  to  apply  to  both  the  horse 
and  the  party  who  violates  the  regulation. 

Rule  44.  Nominators  having  two  or  more  entries  in  one 
race  shall  notify  the  Secretary  of  the  course  which  they 
will  start.  This  rule  shall  not  be  construed  to  relieve 
nominators  from  payment  for  entries  that  are  drawn. 

POWER    OF    POSTPONEMENT. 

Rule  45.  In  case  of  unfavorable  weather,  or  other  un- 
avoidable cause,  members  shall  postpone  to  a  definite  hour 
the  next  fair  day  and  good  track  (omitting  Sunday),  all 
stakes  and  purses  closed  on  the  installment  plan  upon 
giving  notice  thereof;  and  they  may  exercise  this  power 
before  or  after  the  race  has  commenced.  Any  purse  race, 
except  those  closed  on  the  installment  plan,  that  has  not 
been  started  by  five  o'clock  p.  m.  on  the  last  day  of  the 
week  to  which  the  member  has  limited  its  meeting  during 
the  months  of  May,  June,  July  and  August,  and  four 
o'clock  p.  M.  during  the  balance  of  the  year,  shall  be 
declared  off  and  the  entrance  money  refunded.  Any  purse 
race  that  has  been  started  and  remains  unfinished  on  the 
last  day  of  the  week  to  which  the  member  has  limited  its 
meeting  shall  be  declared  ended  and  the  money  divided 
according  to  summary. 

Rule  46.  In  all  purses,  matches  and  stakes,  the  above 
rule  shall  govern,  unless  otherwise  unanimously  agreed 
between  the  interested  parties  and  the  Association  or 
proprietors. 

NO  TROTTING  AFTER  SUNSET. 

Rule  47.  No  heat  shall  be  started  after  sunset  by  the 
calendar. 

WEIGHTS    AND    WEIGHING. 

Rule  48.  Every  horse  started  for  purse,  stake  or  match, 
in  any  trotting  or  pacing  race  or  performance  against  time 
shall    carry,    if   to   wagon    or    sulky,    150   lbs.,    exclusive   of 


44  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

harness,    and  if  under   saddle  145   pounds,   the  saddle  and 
whip  only  to  be  weighed  with  the  rider. 

Rule  49.  Riders  and  drivers  shall  weigh  in  the  presence 
of  one  or  more  of  the  Judges  or  their  assistants  previous 
to  starting  for  any  race.  After  each  heat  they  shall  come 
to  the  Judges'  stand,  and  not  dismount  or  leave  their 
vehicles  without  permission  uf  tha  Judges,  and  shall  be 
rewoighed.  Any  rider  or  driver  not  bringing  in  his  re- 
quired weight  shall  be  ruled  out,  unless  such  decision  shall 
be  deemed  to  favor  a  fraud.  But  a  rider  or  driver  thrown 
or  taken  by  force  from  his  horse  or  vehicle,  after  having 
passed  the  winning  post,  shall  not  be  considered  as  having 
dismounted  without  permission  of  the  Judges,  and  if  dis- 
abled, may  be  carried  to  the  Judges'  stand  to  be  weighed, 
and  the  Judges  may  take  the  circumstances  into  consider- 
ation and  decide  accordingly.  And  the  riders  and  drivers 
7/ho  shall  carry  during  the  heat  and  bring  home  with  them 
weights  which  have  been  approved  or  announced  correct 
and  proper  by  the  Judges  shall  be  subject  to  no  penalty 
for  light  weight  in  that  heat;  Provided,  the  Judges  are 
satisfied  the  mistake  or  fault  was  their  own,  and  that  there 
has  been  no  deception  on  the  part  of  the  rider  or  driver 
who  shall  be  deficient  In  weight;  but  all  parties  shall 
thereafter  carry  the  required  weight.  No  rider  or  driver 
shall  be  changed  after  weighing  in  for  a  race,  except  by 
order   of  the   Judges. 

HANDICAPS    AND    MISCELLANEOUS    WEIGHTS. 

Rule  50.  In  matches  or  handicaps,  where  extra  or  lesser 
weights  are  to  be  carried,  the  Judges  shall  carefully  ex- 
amine and  ascertain  before  starting,  whether  the  riders, 
drivers  or  vehicles  are  of  such  weights  as  have  been  agreed 
upon  or  required  by  the  match  or  handicap,  and  thereafter 
the  riders  and  drivers  shall  be  subject  to  the  same  penal- 
ties and  conditions  as  if  they  were  to  carry  the  weights 
prescribed  by  the  rules.  Where  less  weight  is  carried  than 
required  in  Rule  48,  time  made  is  a  bar  and  not  a  record. 

WHEN    RIDERS    AND     DRIVERS    ARE    OVERWEIGHT. 

Rule  51.  If  the  bodily  weight  of  any  rider  or  driver 
shall  be  found  to  exceed  that  which  is  prescribed  in  the 
rules,    or   the   conditions   of    the   race,    and    the   overweight 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  45 

shall  exceed  twenty  pounds,  it  shall  be  announced  from 
the  stand  before  the  heat;  and  the  Judges  shall  have 
power,  if  in  their  belief  such  extra  weight  was  imposed  on 
the  horse  for  an  improper  or  fraudulent  purpose,  to  sub- 
stitute another  rider  or  driver  of  suitable  weight. 

LENGTH    OF    WHIPS. 

Rule  52.  Riders  and  drivers  will  be  allowed  whips  not 
to  exceed  the  following  lengths:  For  saddle  horses,  2  ft. 
10  in. ;  sulkies,  4  ft.  8  in. ;  wagons,  5  ft.  10  in. ;  teams,  8 
ft.  6  in.;  tandem  teams  and  four-in-hand,  unlimited;  snap- 
pers, not  longer  than  three  inches,  will  be  allowed  in  addi- 
tion to  the  foregoing  measurement.  A  violation  of  this 
rule  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $100. 

JUDGES'   STAND. 

Rule  53.  None  but  the  Judges  of  the  race  in  progress, 
the  Clerk  of  the  Course  or  Secretary,  and  three  Timers 
shall  be  allowed  in  the  Judges'  stand  during  the  pendency 
of  a  heat.  Any  association  convicted  of  violating  this  rule 
shall   be  fined  any   sum  not  to   exceed  $100. 

SELECTION    OF    JUDGES. 

Rule  54.  In  every  exhibition,  race  or  performance 
against  time  over  the  course  of  a  member,  the  presiding 
olficer  or  manager  of.  the  member  shall  choose  or  author- 
ize the  selection  of  three  (3)  competent  Judges  for  the  day 
or  race,  who  shall  understand  the  rules  of  this  Associa- 
tion, and  shall  rigidly  enforce  the  same;  and  all  their 
decisions  shall  be  subject  to  and  in  conformity  with  said 
rules.  A  starter  may  be  employed,  and  he  or  the  Judge 
selected  to  do  the  starting  shall  have  control  of  the 
horses  and  drivers,  under  the  rules,  with  the  approval  of 
the  Judges,  from  the  first  score  in  every  heat  until  tha 
word  'go"  is  given,  and  if  the  starter  is  not  a  Judge  he 
shall   then   leave   the   stand. 

Rule  55.  Any  person  who  at  the  time  is  under  penalty 
of  suspension,  expulsion,  or  other  disqualification,  or  who 
has  any  interest  in  or  any  bet  dependent  on  the  result  of 
the  race,  or  has  an  interest  in  any  of  the  horses  engaged 
therein,  shall  thereby  be  restricted  from  acting  in  any 
oflacial   capacity   in   that  race.     And   if  any  person   who   is 


46  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

thus   .lisqualified   violates  this   restriction,    he   shall,    upon 
conviction  thereof  by  the  Board  of  Appeals,  be  expelled. 

Rule  56.  If  any  person  acting  as  Judge  or  an  official 
of  a  course  shall  be  guilty  of  using  insulting  language 
from  the  stand  to  an  owner,  driver  or  other  person,  or  be 
guilty  of  other  improper  conduct,  he  shall,  upon  convic- 
tion thereof  by  the  Board  of  Appeals,  be  fined  not  exceed- 
ing $500,  or  be  expelled. 

CLERK    OF    THE    COURSE. 

Rule  57.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  lo  pro- 
vide the  services  of  a  competent  person  to  assist  the  Judges 
in  each  and  every  race  upon  their  respective  courses,  who 
shall  be  styled  the  Clerk  of  the  Course.  He  may,  at  the 
request  of  the  Judges,  assist  in  weighing  riders  or  drivers, 
assigning  the  positions  of  horses  before  the  race,  or  other 
similar  duties,  and  shall  keep  a  book  in  which  shall  be 
recorded  the  name  of  each  rider  or  driver,  colors  worn, 
and  weight  carried;  he  shall  note  the  time  when  a  heat 
is  finished,  and  shall  notify  the  Judges,  or  ring  the  bell, 
at  the  expiration  of  the  time  allowed  between  heats;  he 
may  assist  the  Judges  in  placing  the  horses  at  the  finish 
of  the  heat.  He  shall  record,  in  a  book  suited  to  that  pur- 
pose, an  account  of  every  race,  in  the  following  form,  to- 
wit:  First,  all  'horses  entered  and  the  names  of  the 
riders  or  drivers;  next,  the  starting  horses  and  the  posi- 
tions assigned  them;  next,  a  record  of  each  heat,  giving 
the  position  of  each  horse  at  the  finish;  then,  the  official 
time  of  each  heat,  and,  at  the  end,  an  official  summary  of 
the  race,  giving  the  drawn,  distanced,  and  ruled  out  horses, 
if  any  there  be.  He  shall  record  all  protests,  fines,  penal- 
ties, and  appeals.  This  book  shall  be  signed  by  the  Judges 
and  Timers  and  shall  constitute  the  official  record.  [Called 
the  "Judges'    Book."] 

AUTHORITY    OF    JUDGES. 

Rule  58.  The  Judges  of  the  day  or  race  shall  have  au- 
thority, while  presiding,  to  appoint  a  Distance  Flagman 
and  Patrols;  to  inflict  fines  and  penalties,  as  prescribed  by 
these  rules;  to  determine  all  questions  of  fact  relating  to 
the  race  over  which  they  preside;  to  decide  respecting  any 
matters   of  diffei'ence  between   parties  to  the   race,    or  any 


KULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  47 

contingent  matter  which  shall  arise,  such  as  are  not  other- 
wise provided  for  in  these  rules;  and  they  may  declare 
pools  and  bets  "off"  in  case  of  fraud,  no  appeal  to  be 
allowed  from  their  decision  in  that  respect,  but  all  of  their 
decisions  shall  be  in  strict  conformity  with  the  rules,  or 
with  the  principles  thereof,  but  appeal  may  be  taken  upon 
their  application  or  construction  of  the  rules,  and  upon 
matters  of  fact  where  fraud  is  charged.  When  pools  or 
bets  are  declared  off  for  fraud,  the  guilty  parties  shall  be 
fined,  suspended  or  expelled.  They  shall  have  control  over 
the  horses  about  to  start,  and  the  riders  or  drivers  and 
aesistants  of  the  horses,  and  in  ihe  absence  of  other  pre- 
visions in  these  rules,  they  shall  have  authority  to  punish 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100,  or  by  suspension  or  expul- 
sion, any  such  person  who  shall  fail  to  obey  their  orders 
or  the  rules. 

Rule  59.  The  Judges  shall  have  power  to  examine  on 
oath  all  parties  connected  with  a  race,  as  to  any  wrong  or 
complaint  made  bringing  in  question  the  conduct  of  the 
same. 

FLAGMAN     AND     PATROLS, 

Rule  60.  In  all  races  of  heats  there  shall  be  a  Distance 
Flagman  appointed  by  the  Judges  of  the  race  or  by  those 
in -authority.  He  shall  remain  in  the  distance-stand  during 
the  heats,  and  immediately  after  each  heat  shall  repair  to 
the  Judges'  stand  and  report  to  the  Judges  what  horse  or 
horses  are  behind  the  flag,  and  all  foul  or  improper  con- 
duct, if  any  has  occurred  under  his  observation.  The 
Judges  of  the  race  shall  determine  what  horses  are  dis- 
tanced. 

Rule  61.  The  Patrols  may  be  similarly  appointed,  and 
it  shall  be  their  duty  to  repair  in  like  manner  to  the 
Judges'  stand,  and  report  all  foul  or  improper  conduct, 
if  any   has  occurred   under  their  observation. 

POWERS    AND    DUTIES    OF    JUDGES    AND    TIMERS. 

Rule  62.  The  Judges  shall  be  in  the  stand  fifteen  min- 
utes before  the  time  for  starting  the  race;  they  shall 
weigh  the  riders  or  drivers,  and  determine  the  positions 
of  the  horses  by  lot,  and  inform  each  rider  or  driver  of 
his  place  before  starting;  they  may  require  the  riders  and 


18  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

drivers  to  be  properly  dressed.  There  shall  be  three  com- 
petent Timers  appointed  by  the  President  or  Manager  of 
the  Member,  who  shall  take  the  time  of  each  heat,  and 
time  so  taken  shall  be  announced  and  recorded  in  con- 
formity with  these  rules. 

Rule  63.  The  Judges  shall  ring  the  bell,  or  give  other 
notice,  ten  minutes  previous  to  the  time  announced  for  the 
•race  or  heat  to  come  off,  which  shall  be  notice  to  all 
parties  to  prepare  for  the  race  or  heat  at  the  appointed 
time,  when  all  the  horses  must  appear  at  the  stand,  ready 
for  the  race  or  heat,  and  any  rider  or  driver  failing  to 
obey  this  summons  may  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceed- 
ing $100,  or  his  horse  may  be  ruled  out  by  the  Judges  and 
considered  drawn,  but  in  all  stakes  and  matches  a  failure 
to  appear  promptly  at  the  appointed  time  constitutes  a 
forfeit. 

Rule  64.  The  result  of  a  heat  shall  not  be  announced 
until  the  Judges  are  satisfied  as  to  the  weights  of  the 
riders  or  drivers,  and  sufficient  time  has  elapsed  to  receive 
the  reports  of  the  Distance  Flagman  and  Patrols. 

Rule  65.  The  Judges  shall  not  notice  or  consider  com- 
plaints of  foul  from  any  person  or  persons,  except  the 
Distance  Flagman  and  Patrols  appointed  by  themselves  or 
by  those  in  authority,  and  from  owners,  riders  or  drivers 
in  the  race. 

Rule  66.  If  the  Judges  believe  ttat  a  horse  is  being  or 
has  been  ridden  or  driven  improperly  at  any  time  during 
the  continuance  of  the  race,  with  a  design  to  prevent  his 
winning  a  heat  or  place  which  he  was  evidently  able  to 
win,  or  to  perpetrate  or  aid  a  fraud,  they  shall  have  the 
power  to  substitute  a  competent  and  reliable  rider  or 
driver  for  the  remainder  of  the  race,  who  shall  be  paid,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Judges,  not  more  than  50  per  cent. 
of  the  amount  awarded  the  horse  in  the  race,  and  the 
member  may  retain  the  amount  paid  from  the  purse,  if 
any,  which  said  substituted  rider  or  driver  may  win,  and 
if  the  result  of  the  race  shall  demonstrate  that  a  fraud 
was  being  perpetrated,  all  the  guilty  parties  so  implicated, 
together  with  the  horse,  shall  be  suspended  for  not  less 
than  one  year,  or  shall  be  expelled.  The  Judges  may 
waive  distance  (except  for  fouls),  as  to  any  horse  for 
which  they  have  substituted  a  rider  or  driver. 


RULES  AND  KEGULATIONS.  49 

Rule  67.  No  rider  or  driver  can  without  good  and  suf- 
ficient reasons  decline  to  be  substituted  or  appointed  by 
Judges  as  required  by  Rule  66.  Any  rider  or  driver  who  re- 
fuses to  be  so  substituted  may  be  fined  or  suspended,  or 
both,  by  order  of  the  Judges. 

Rule  68.  Any  driver  who  is  intoxicated,  or  who  refuses 
to  comply  with  the  directions  of  the  Judges,  or  who  is 
reckless  in  his  conduct  and  endangers  the  safety  of  horses 
cr  their  drivers  in  the  race,  may  be  removed  and  another 
driver  substituted  at  any  time  during  the  race,  and  the 
offending  driver  may  be  fined,  suspended,  or  expelled.  And 
the  substituted  driver  shall  be  compensated  as  provided  in 
Rule  66. 

Rule  69.  Every  heat  in  a  race  must  be  contested  by 
every  horse  in  the  race,  and  every  horse  must  be  driven 
to  the  finish.  Should  a  rider  or  driver  be  found  guilty  of 
violating  this  rule  he  shall  be  fined,  suspended,  or  ex- 
pelled. 

STARTING    AND     KEEPING    POSITIONS. 

Rule  70.  No  rider  or  driver  shall  cause  unnecessary 
delay  after  the  horses  are  called,  either  by  neglecting  to 
prepare  for  the  race  in  time,  or  by  failing  to  come  for 
the  word,  or  otherwise;  and  in  scoring  any  horse  delaying 
the  race  may  be  started  regardless  of  his  position  or  gait. 
If  the  word  is  not  given,  all  the  horses  in  the  race  shall 
immediately  turn  at  the  tap  of  the  bell  or  other  signal 
given,  and  jog  back  for  a  fresh  start.  There  shall  be  no 
recall  after  the  starting  v/ord  or  signal  has  been  given, 
and  the  horses  shall  be  deemed  to  have  started  in  the  race 
when  the  word  ''go"  is  given  for  the  first  heat;  provided, 
however,  that  if  the  Judges  shall  through  any  error  give 
signal  of  recall,  after  having  given  the  word,  distance 
shall  be  waived  in  that  heat,  except  for  foul  riding  or 
driving.  In  all  such  cases  the  starters  must  go  the 
course. 

Rule  71.  The  starter  shall  choose  one  of  the  contend- 
ing horses  to  score  by.  No  driver  shall  come  up  in  ad- 
vance of  said  horse,  nor  shall  he  hold  back,  under  penalty 
of  a  fine  of  not  less  than  $5,  nor  more  than  $50,  which  shall 
be  imposed  and  collected  at  once. 

Rule  72.  No  driver  shall  be  allowed  to  sponge  out  his 
horse  cr  horses  oftener  than  once  in  five  times  scoring. 


50  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Rule  73.  If  these  requirements  are  not  complied  with 
on  the  part  of  any  rider  or  driver,  the  starter  may  give 
the  word  without  regard  to  the  absence  or  position  of  the 
offending  party  or  parties,  but  the  offender  may  be  pun- 
ished by  a  fine  not  exceeding  $100,  or  by  suspension  not  to 
exceed  one  year. 

Rule  74.  In  all  cases  the  starting  word  or  signal  shall 
be  given  oy  the  starter  and  in  no  instance  shall  a  stand- 
ing start  be  given  unless  so  provided  in  the  published  con- 
ditions of  the  race. 

Rule  75.  No  warning  shall  be  necessary  before  inflicting 
fines  or  penalties  for  a  violation  of  any  of  the  provisions 
of  these  rules. 

Rule  7G.  The  horse  winning  a  heat  shall  take  the  pole 
(or  inside  position)  the  succeeding  heat,  and  all  others 
shall  take  their  positions  in  the  order  assigned  them  in 
judging  the  last  heat.  When  two  or  more  horses  shall 
make  a  dead  heat,  the  horses  shall  start  for  the  succeeding 
heat  in  the  same  positions  with  reference  to  the  pole  that 
they  occupied  at  the  finish  of  the  dead  heat. 

Rule  77.  When  entering  the  homestretch  the  foremost 
Lorse  cr  horses  shall  keep  the  positions  first  selected;  and 
the  hindmost  horse  or  horses,  when  there  is  sufficient 
room  to  pass  on  the  inside  or  anywhere  on  the  homest^-etch, 
without  interfering  with  others,   shall  be  allowed  to  do  so. 

Rule  78.  Although  a  leading  horse  is  entitled  to  any 
part  of  the  track,  except  after  selecting  his  position  on 
the  homestretch,  he  shall  not  change  either  to  the  right 
or  left  during  any  part  of  the  race,  when  another  horse 
is  so  near  him  that  in  altering  his  position  he  compels  the 
horse  behind  him  to  shorten  his  stride,  or  causes  the  rider 
or  driver  of  such  other  horse  to  pull  him  Ciut  of  his  stride; 
neither  shall  any  horse,  rider  or  driver,  cross,  jostle  or 
strike  another  horse,  rider  or  driver,  nor  swerve,  or  "carry 
him  out,"  "sit  down  in  front  of  him,"  or  do  any  other 
act  which  constitutes  what  is  popularly  known  as  "help- 
ing" or  v/hich  shall  impede  the  progress  of  another  horse. 

Rule  79.  In  any  heat  wherein  there  shall  be  a  violation 
of  any  of  these  restrictions,  the  offending  horse  shall  not 
be  entitled  to  win  the  heat,  and  he  shall  be  placed  behind 
all  the  unoffending  horses  in  that  heat.  And  if  the  Judges 
believe  the  forbidden  action  was  intentional  qn  the  part  of 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  51 

the  rider  or  driver,  his  horse  may  be  ruled  out,  and  such 
rider  or  driver  may  be  fined  not  to  exceed  the  amount  of 
the  purse  or  stake  conteudcd  for,  or  he  may  be  suspended 
or  expelled. 

HORSES    BREAKING. 

Rule  80.  When  any  horse  or  horses  break  from  their 
gait  iu  trotting  or  pacing,  their  riders  or  drivers  shall  at 
once  pull  them  to  the  gait  in  which  they  were  to  go  the 
race,  and  any  party  failing  to  comply  with  this  require- 
ment, ii  he  comes  out  ahead,  shall  lose  the  heat,  and  the 
next  best  horse  shall  win  the  heat;  and  whether  such 
breaking  horse  comes  out  ahead  or  not,  all  other  horses, 
not  so  offending,  distanced  or  ruled  out,  shall  be  placed 
ahead  of  him  in  that  heat,  and  the  Judges  shall  have  dis- 
cretionary power  to  distance  the  offending  horse  or  horses, 
and  the  rider  or  driver  may  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  to 
exceed  $100,  or  by  suspension  not  exceeding  one  year. 

Rule  81.  Should  the  rider  or  driver  comply  with  the 
requirement  of  Rule  80,  and  the  horse  should  gain  by  a 
break,  twice  the  distance  so  gained  shall  be  taken  from 
him  at  the  coming  out;  but  this  provision  must  not  be  so 
construed  as  to  shield  any  trotting  or  pacing  horse  from 
punishment  for  running. 

Rule  82.  In  case  of  any  horse  repeatedly  breaking  or 
running,  or  performing  at  a  mixed  gait,  the  Judges  shall 
punish  the  horse  so  at  fault  by  placing  him  last  in  the 
beat  or  by  distancing  him.  A  horse  breaking  four  times 
in  a  heat  may  be  regarded  as  repeatedly  breaking,  but 
nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  into  permitting  a  horse 
to  make  four  or  less  number  of  breaks  without  being 
liable  to  the  penalties  prescribed.  If,  in  the  opinion  of 
the  Judges,  a  driver  allows  his  horse  to  make  repeated 
breaks  for  the  purpose  of  fraudulently  losing  a  heat,  he 
shall  be  liable  to  the  penalties  elsewhere  provided  for  fraud 
and  fouls. 

Rule  83.  To  assist  in  determining  the  matters  contained 
in  Rules  80,  81  and  82,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  one  of  the 
Judges  to  call  out  during  the  progress  of  a  race  every 
break  made,  designating  by  colors  or  name  the  horse  mak- 
ing it  and  the  character  of  the  break,  and  a  Judge  or  as- 
sistant shall   at   once   note  the  fact  in  writing. 


52  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Rule  84.  A  horse  breaking  at  or  near  the  score  shall  be 
subject  to  no  greater  penalty  than  if  he  brok^  on  any  part 
of  the  track. 

RELATIVE    TO     HEATS    AND    HORSES    ELIGIBLE    TO    START. 

Rule  85.  In  heats  one,  two,  three  or  four  miles,  a  horse 
not  winning  one  heat  in  three  shall  not  start  for  a  fourth, 
unless  such  horse  shall  have  made  a  dead  heat.  In  heats, 
best  three  in  five,  a  horse  not  winning  a  heat,  or  making 
a  dead  heat,  in  the  first  five  shall  not  start  for  the  sixth, 
unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  published  conditions,  but 
horses  so  ruled  out  shall  have  a  right  to  a  share  of  the 
purse  or  premium,  according  to  their  rank  at  the  close  of 
their  last  heat. 

Rule  86.  A  dead  heai  shall  be  counted  in  the  race 
anB  shall  be  considered  a  heat  which  is  undecided  only 
as  between  the  horses  making  it,  and  it  shall  be  consid- 
ered a  heat  that  is  lost  by  all  the  other  horses  contend- 
ing therein;  and  the  time  made  in  a  dead  heat  shall  con- 
stitute a  record  or  bar  for  each  horse  making  such  dead 
heat. 

Rule  87.'  In  heats  best  three  in  five,  when  two  or  more 
horses  have  each  won  two  heats  and  a  dead  heat,  or  a 
heat  and  two  dead  heats,  or  three  dead  heats,  they  alone 
shall   start  in   the  next  heat. 

Rule  88.  A  horse  prevented  from  starting  by  Rule  87 
shall  not  be  distanced,  but  ruled  out,  and  shall  be  entitled 
to  a  share  of  the  purse  or  premium  according  to  his  rank 
at  the  close  of  his  last  heat. 

TIME    between    heats. 

Rule  89.  The  time  between  heats  in  mile  heats,  and  in 
mile  heats  best  three  in  five,  shall  be  twenty-five  min- 
utes; and-  for  two-mile  heats,  thirty  minutes;  and  for 
three-mile  heats,  thirty-five  minutes;  and  should  there  be 
a  race  of  four-mile  heats,  the  time  shall  be  forty  minutes. 

Rule  90.  Not  more  than  three  races  shall  be  "sand- 
wiched" in  the  performance  on  one  day. 

Rule  91.     After  the  first  heat  the  horses  shall  be  called 
five  minutes   prior  to  the  time  of  starting. 
passing  to  the  left. 

Rule  92.  The  rule  of  the  road  is  reversed  on  the  track; 
that  is,   horses  ^meeting  shall   pass   to   the   left. 


KULES  AND  llEGULATIOX?  .  53 

HORSES    PERMITTED    ON    THE    TRACK. 

RULE  93.  Horses  called  for  a  race  shall  have  the  ex- 
clusive right  of  the  course,  and  all  other  horses  shall 
vacate  the  track  at  once,  unless  permitted  to  remain  by 
the  Judges. 

TIME   ALLOWED   IN    CASE   OF   ACCIDENTS. 

Rule  94.  In  case  of  accidents,  only  so  much  time  shall 
be  allowed  as  the  Judges  may  deem  necessary  and  proper. 

COLLISION    OR    INTERFERENCE. 

Rule  95.  In  case  of  interference  or  collision,  the  party 
causing  the  'iame,  whether  willfully  or  otherwise,  may  be 
ruled  cut;  and  if  the  Judges  find  ii  was  intentional  or  to 
aid  fraud,  the  driver  in  fault  shall  be  forthwith  fined, 
suspended,  or  expelled,  and  his  horse  may  be  ruled  out; 
but  if  necessary  to  defeat  fraud,  the  Judges  shall  direct 
the  offending  horse  to  start  again.  If  any  horse  impeded 
thereby  comes  in  behind  the  di.3tance  flag,  the  Judges  shall 
allow  him  to  start  again. 

Rule  96.  No  horse  but  the  offending  one  shall  be  ruled 
out  in  such  a  heat,   except  for  foul  driving.  « 

Rule  97.  The  Judges  may  declare  the  deciding  heat  of 
a  race  no  heat  for  interference,   collision  or  fraud. 

PLACING    HORSES. 

Rule  98.  A  horse  must  win  a  majority  of  the  heats 
which  are  required  by  the  conditions  of  the  race  to  be 
entitled  to  the  purse  or  stake;  but  if  a  horse-  shall  have 
distanced  all  competitors  in  one  heat,  the  race  will  then 
be  concluded,  and  such  horse  shall  receive  the  entire 
purse  or  stakes  contended  for,  unless  stipulated  otherwise 
in  the  published   conditions. 

Rule  99.  When  more  than  one  horse  remains  in  a  purse 
race  entitled  to  be  placed  at  the  finish  of  the  last  heat, 
the  second  best  horse  shall  receive  the  second  premium, 
if  there  be  any;  and  if  there  be  any  third  or  fourth  pre- 
mium, etc.,  for  which  no  horse  has  won  and  maintained  a 
specific  place,  the  same  shall  go  to  the  winner:  Provided, 
that  the  number  of  premiums  awarded  shall  not  exceed 
th^  number  of  horses  which  started  in  the  race. 

Rule  100.     The  foregoing  provisions  shall  always  apply 


54  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

in  such  cases,  unless  otherwise  stated  in  the  published  con- 
ditions of  the  race. 

Rule  101.  In  deciding  the  rank  of  horses  other  than 
the  winner,  as  to  2nd,  3rd  and  4th  places,  etc.,  to  be  as- 
signed among  such  as  remain  in  the  race  entitled  to  be 
placed  at  the  conclusion  of  the  last  heat  thereof,  the  sev- 
eral positions  which  have  been  assigned  to  each  horse  so 
contending  shall  be  considered  as  to  every  heat  in  the 
race— that  is,  horses  having  won  two  heats,  better  than 
those  winning  one;  a  horse  that  has  won  a  heat,  better 
than  a  horse  only  making  a  dead  heat;  a  horse  winning 
one  or  two  heats  and  making  a  dead  heat,  better  than 
one  winning  an  equal  number  of  heats,  but  not  making  a 
dead  heat;  a  horse  winning  a  heat  or  making  a  dead  heat 
and  not  distanced  or  ruled  out  in  the  race,  better  than  a 
horse  that  has  not  won  a  heat  or  made  a  dead  heat;  a 
horse  that  has  been  placed  "second"  one  heat,  better  than 
a  horse  that  has  been  placed  "third"  any  number  of 
heats. 

Rule  102.  In  races  where  the  redistribution  of  a  pre- 
mium becomes  necessary  on  account  of  a  starter  being 
Ineligible,  the  horses  in  the  race  summary  below  such  com- 
petitor shall  be  advanced  one  position  in  the  race,  and  the 
premium  redistributed  in  accordance  with  the  positions  in 
the  correct  summary. 

Rule  103.  When  two  or  more  horses  appear  equal  in 
rank  in  the  summary  of  the  race,  they  shall  share  equally 
in  the  award  of  premiums  won  by  them. 

Rule  104.  All  races  for  four-year-olds  and  over,  where 
no  distance  or  way  of  going  is  specified,  shall  be  trotted 
in  harness,  mile  heats,  three  in  five;  for  two  and  three- 
year-olds,  mile  heats,  two  in  three;  and  for  yearlings, 
mile  dash. 

DISTANCES. 

Rule  105.  In  all  heat  races  at  a  mile  on  mile  tracks,  80 
yards  shall  be  a  distance,  except  when  eight  or  more 
start  in  a  heat,  then  100  yards  shall  be  a  distance.  In  all 
heat  races  at  a  mile  on  half-mile  tracks,  100  yards  shall 
be  a  distance,  except  when  eight  or  more  start  in  a  heat, 
then  150  yards  shall  be  a  distance.  In  races  of  two- 
mile   heats,    150   yards   shall   be    a   distance.     In    races  of 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  55 

three-mile  heats,  220  yards  shall  be  a  distance.  In  races  of 
four-mile  heats,  290  yards  shall  be  a  distance.  Half-mile 
tracks  will  be  permitted  to  adopt  the  same  distance  as 
mile  tracks  if  they  so  desire,  but  must  advertise  the 
change  in  their  published  couditious.  Under  no  circum- 
stances will  any  track  be  allowed  to  increase  the  distance 
established  by  this  rule.  In  any  heat  or  race  distance  may 
be  waived  by  consent  of  the  member  and  the  starters. 

Rule  106.  All  horses  whose  heads  have  not  reached  the 
distance-stand  as  soon  as  the  leading  horse  arrives  at  the 
winning-post  shall  be  declared  distanced,  except  in  cases 
otherwise  provided  for;  or  the  punishment  of  the  leading 
horse  by  setting  him  back  for  runcing,  when  it  shall  be 
left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Judges. 

Rule  107.  A  distanced  horse  is  out  of  the  race,  and 
not   entitled   to  any   portion  of  the  premium. 

RANK     BETWEEN     DISTANCED    HORSES. 

Rule  108.  Horses  distanced  in  the  first  heat  of  a  race 
shall  be  equal,  but  horses  that  are  distanced  In  any  subse- 
quent heat  shall  rank  as  to  each  other  in  the  order  of 
the  positions  to  which  they  were  entitled  at  the  start  of 
the  heat  in  which  they  were  distanced. 

TIME  AND  ITS   RECORD. 

Rule  109.  In  every  public  race,  or  performance  against 
time,  the  time  of  each  heat  shall  be  accurately  taken  and 
placed  in  the  record,  and  upon  the  decision  of  each  heat, 
the  time  thereof  shall  be  publicly  announced  by  the  Judges, 
except  as  provided  in  these  rules  concerning  those  heats 
which  are  not  awarded  to  either  of  the  leading  horses. 

Rule  110.  No  unofficial  timing  shall  be  announced  or 
admitted  to  the  record,  but  in  any  case  involving  alleged 
suppression  of  time,  or  false  announcement  of  time,  noth- 
ing in  this  rule  shall  be  construed  to  limit  the  Board  of 
Appeals  as  to  the  evidence  admissible. 

Rule  111.  In  any  case  of  alleged  error  in  the  record, 
announcement  or  publication,  of  the  time  made  by  a  horse 
in  a  public  race,  the  time  so  questioned  shall  not  be 
changed  to  favor  said  horse  or  owner,  except  upon  the 
sworn  statement  of  the  Judges  and  Timers  who  officiated 
in  the  race,   and  then  only  by   order  of  the  Board  of  Ap- 


56  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

peals.  The  President  of  the  American  Trotting  Associa- 
tion is  authorized  to  act  pending  the  action  of  the  Board 
of  Appeals. 

HORSES    TO    BE    TIMED. 

Rule  112.  The  two  leading  horses  shall  be  separately 
timed  and  if  the  heat  is  awai-ded  lo  either,  his  time  only 
shall  be  announced  and  be  a  record  or  bar  as  the  case 
may  he;  and  if  the  winning  horse  shall  afterwards  be 
ruled  out  of  the  race  for  fraud  or  ineligibility,  he  shall 
retain  the  record  or  bar  acquired  by  the  time  so  announced. 

Rule  113.  In  case  of  a  dead  heat,  the  time  shall  con- 
Btitute  a  record  or  bar  for  the  horses  making  the  dead 
heat,  and  if  for  any  other  cause  the  heat  is  not  awarded  to 
either  of  the  leading  horses,  it  shall  be  awarded  to  the 
next  best  horse,  and  no  time  shall  be  given  out  by  the 
Judges  or  recorded  against  either  horse;  and  the  Judges 
m.ay  waive  the  application  of  the  rule  in  regard  to  dis- 
tance in  that  heat,  except  for  foul  riding  or  driving. 

Rule  114.  The  time  shall  be  taken  from  the  pole  horse, 
or  from  the  horse  that  is  selected  to  score  by. 

SUPPRESSION  OP  TIME. 

Rule  lis.  in  any  public  race  or  performance  against 
time,  if  there  shall  be  any  intentional  suppression  or  mis- 
representation in  either  the  record  or  the  announcement 
of  the  time  of  a  heat  in  the  race,  it  shall  be  deemed 
fraudulent.  Any  horse  winning  a  beat  or  making  a  dead 
heat  wherein  there  was  such  a  fraudulent  suppression  of 
time,  together  with  the  parties  implicated  in  the  fraud, 
shall  by  operation  of  the  rules  be  thenceforth  disqualified 
from  the  right  to  compete  on  the  grounds  of  members; 
which  disqualification  may  be  removed  only  by  order  of 
the  Board  of  Appeals,  when,  upon  investigation,  the  Board 
shall  believe  that  the  constructive  fraud  was  not  pre- 
meditated, but  only  then  upon  a  restitution  or  return  to 
this  Association  of  any  premiums  that  under  any  circum- 
stances have  been  awarded  such  horse  on  the  grounds  of 
members  during  the  time  of  disqualification,  and  upon 
the  payment  of  a  fine  of  $100,  to  go  to  this  Association, 
the  fine  to  apply  to  the  horse  regardless  of  any  change 
in  the  ownership. 


RULES  AND  KEGULATIOXS.  57 

Rule  116.  A  fine  of  not  less  than  $100  or  more  than 
|500  shall  be  imposed  upon  any  member  of  this  Associa- 
tion on  whose  grounds  there  shall  be  allowed  any  sup- 
pression of  time  as  aforesaid;  one-half  of  said  fine  to  be 
paid  to  the  informer  upon  recovery,  and  time  shall  be 
deemed  to  have  been  suppressed  in  any  race,  wherein  a 
record  of  the  same  is  not  kept  in  writing,  whether  on 
associated  tracks  or  others. 

Rule  117.  Any  person  who  shall  as  Judge  or  Timer  be 
guilty  of  fraudulent  suppression  of  time  in  any  public  race 
shall    be   expelled. 

public  races. 

Rule  118.  Any  contest  between  horses  for  purse,  pre- 
mium, stake  or  wager,  or  involving  admission  fees,  oh  any 
course  and  in  the  presence  of  the  Judges  and  Timers, 
shall   constitute   a   public    race. 

TIME    RECORDS    AND    BARS. 

(When   time  becomes   a  bar.) 

Rule  119,  A  record  can  be  made  only  in  a  public  race, 
or  in  a  performance  against  time,  the  horse  to  trot  or 
pace  a  full  mile  according  to  rule;  and  the  time  must  be 
taken  by  three  Timers  selected  for-  the  purpose,  and  the 
record  of  the  race  must  be  kept  and  signed  by  the  Judges 
and  Timers. 

Rule  120.  Time  otherwise  taken,  on  any  track,  whether 
short  or  not,  shall  be  known  as  a  bar,  and  shall  constitute 
a  bar  the  same  as  if  regularly  mado  over  a  track  that  was 
full  measurement. 

Rule  121.  Records  cannot  be  made  or  bars  incurred  in 
trials  of  speed  where  there  is  no  pool  selling,  book  making 
or  other  public  betting  on  the  event,  no  money  competed 
for,  no  entrance  charged  or  collected  from  competing 
horses,  no  admission  fee  charged  at  the  gate  or  to  the 
grand  stand,  and  no  privileges  of  any  kind  sold.  Such  per- 
formances shall  not  be  considered  public  races.  All  Rules 
cf  this  Association  in  so  far  as  they  conflict  with  th's 
Rule   are  hereby   repealed.  - 

Rulh]  122.  Any  public  race  at  a  less  distance  than  ons 
mile,  and  exceeding  half  a  mile,  shall  be  regarded  as  ir- 
regular, and  time  made  in  any  such  race  shall  create  a  bar. 


58  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Rule  123.  Time  made  on  non-association  tracks  shall 
be  records  or  bars,  as  the  ease  may  be;  the  same  as  fr 
made  over  association  tracks. 

Rule  124.  If  it  sliould  appear  to  the  Board  of  Appeals, 
upon  investigation,  that  any  record  was  fraudulently  ob- 
tained,  it  shall  be  declared  not  a  record  but  a  bar. 

WHEN     TIME     SHALL     NOT     BE     A     BAR. 

Rule  125.  Time  made  under  the  saddle,  or  on  snow  or 
ice,  as  well  as  time  made  wiieu  two  or  more  horses  are 
harnessed  together,  shall  constitute  a  bar  for  races  of  the 
f.ame  character,  but  shall  not  be  a  bar  for  raceo  of  a 
different  character;  but  time  to  wagon  shall  be  a  record  or 
bar,  as  the  case  may  be,  in  races  of  every  character. 

PERFORMANCES    AGAINST    TIME. 

Performances  against  time  must  be  conducted  in  accord- 
ance  with   the    following   Rules    and    Regulations: 

Rule  126.  Must  be  made  at  a  regular  meeting  of  a 
Society  in  membership  with  the  National  Trotting  Associa- 
tion, or  American  Trotting  Association,  said  performances 
to  be  conducted  by  the  regular  appointed  Judges  and 
Timers  for  the  day,  strictly  in  accordance  with  the  Rules 
of  said  National  or  American  Trotting  Association  adopted 
by  the  member. 

Rule  127.  No  animal  shall  be  permitted  to  start  against 
time  pending  a  heat  or  trial  by  another  animal,  nor  until 
the  result  of  such  heat  or  trial  shall  have  been  duly  an- 
nounced. 

Rule  128.  Time  shall  be  taken  by  three  Timers  engaged 
in  the  stand  during  the  performance. 

Rule  129.  There  shall  be  three  Judges  in  the  stand  dur- 
ing such  performances,  who  shall  not  act  as  official  Timers. 

Rule  130.  No  performance  against  time  shall  be  earlier 
than  10  o'clock  a.  m. 

Rule  131.  There  shall  be  no  performance  against  time 
at  a  postponed  or  continued  meeting,  unless  such  post- 
ponement or  continuance  is  made  in  accordance  with  the 
rules  of  the  National  or  American  Trotting  Association  to 
which  the   member  belongs. 

Rule  132.  In  performances  against  time  the  animal 
must  start  to  equal  or  beat  a  specified  time  and  a  losing 
performance  shall  not  constitute  a  record  or  a  bar. 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  59 

Rule  133.  A  regular  meeting  is  hereby  construed  to 
mean  a  meeting  advertised  in  at  least  one  newspaper  not 
less  than  one  week  before  the  commencement  of  said 
meeting,  and  at  which  meeting  no  less  than  two  regular 
events  are  advertised  for  each  day. 

Rule  134.     "Matches  against  timt"  will  not  be  allowed. 

Rule  13.5.  Entries  to  "performances  against  time"  must 
be  made  with  the  Secretary  not  later  than  seven  p.  u. 
the  day  before  the  performance,  and  must  appear  in  the 
published  program  of  the  day,  or  if  there  is  no  printed 
program,  then  a  written  copy  shall  be  posted  conspicuously 
at  the  Judges'  stand,  and  it  shall  be  publicly  announced 
by  the  Judges  before  the  start. 

Rule  136.  In  matches  between  horses  of  unequal  age 
the  conditions  shall  be  determined  by  the  age  of  the 
younger  horse,   unless   otherwise   agreed. 

Rule  137.  Pending  the  investigation  of  a  reported  rec- 
ord by  either  the  National  or  American  Trotting  Asso- 
ciation the  reported  record  shall  operate  as  a  bar  until 
the  matter  is  adjusted. 

Rule  13S.  The  Presidents  of  the  National  Trotting  Asso- 
ciation, The  American  Trotting  Association  and  The 
American  Trotting  Register  Association,  shall  constitute  a 
Board  to  determine  the  validity  of  all  records  disputed  by 
The  American   Trotting  Register  Association. 

COMPLAINTS     BY    RIDERS    OR    DRIVERS. 

Rule  139.  All  complaints  by  riders  or  drivers,  of  any 
foul  riding  or  driving,  or  other  misconduct,  must  be  made 
at  the  termination  of  the  heat,  and  before  the  rider  or 
driver    dismounts   or   leaves   his  vehicle. 

DECORUM. 

Rule  140.  Any  owner,  trainer,  rider,  driver,  or  attend- 
ant of  a  horse,  or  any  other  person  who  at  any  time  and 
in  any  place  shall  use  improper  language  to  an  officer  of 
the  course,  or  a  Judge  of  a  race,  or  a  starter,  or  be 
guilty  of  any  improper  conduct  toward  such  officers  or 
Judges,  or  persons  serving  under  their  orders,  such  im- 
proper language  or  conduct  having  reference  to  acts  and 
things  connected  with  the  administration  of  the  course, 
or  of  any  race  thereon,  shall  be  punished  by  ?  fine  not 
exceeding   $500,    or   by    suspension    or   expulsion. 


63  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Rule  141.  If  any  owner,  trainer,  rider,  driver  or  at- 
tendant of  a  horse,  or  any  other  person,  at  any  time  or 
place,  shall  commit  an  assault,  or  an  assault  and  battery 
upon  any  rider  or  driver  who  shall  ride  or  drive  in  a  race 
by  order  of  the  Judges,  or  shall  threaten  to  do  bodily 
injury  to  any  such  substitute  rider  or  driver,  or  shall  ad- 
dress to  such  rider  or  driver  language  outrageously  in- 
sulting, for  or  on  account  of  his  services  as  aforesaid,  such 
person  so  offending  shall  be  punished  by  fine  not  exceed- 
ing $1,000,   or  by  suspension  or   expulsion. 

LOUD    SHOUTING    AND    MISCONDUCT. 

Rule  142.  Loud  shouting  or  other  improper  conduct  is 
•  forbidden  during  the  pendency  of  a  heat,  and  shall  be 
punished  bj'  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $100,  or  by  suspension. 

Rule  143.  Any  misconduct  during  or  in  respect  to  a 
race,  fraudulent  in  its  nature  or  injurious  to  the  character 
of  the  turf,  although  not  specified  in  these  rules,  is  for- 
bidden, and  is  punishable  by  a  fine  not  to  exceed  $100, 
suspension   or  expulsion. 

Rule  144.  Should  a  driver  publicly  state  that  he  pur- 
posely lost  a  race,  he  shall  be  fined,  suspended  or  expelled; 
should  an  owner  state  that  he  gave  orders  to  the  driver 
of  his  horse  not  to  win  a  race,  he  shall  be  expelled  on 
proof  before  the   proper  tribunal. 

FINES. 

Rule  145.  All  persons  wbo  shall  have  been  fined  under 
these  rules,  unless  they  pay  the  fines  in  full  on  the  day 
when  imposed  or  when  demanded,  shall  be  suspended 
until  they  are  so  paid  or  deposited  with  the  American 
Trotting  Association;  and,  if  there  shall  be  due,  or  shall 
thereafter  become  due,  to  such  person  from  any  member 
any  sum  whatever,  so  much  thereof  as  is  necessary  to 
pay  said  fine  shall  be  deducted,  or  if  the  amount  shall  be 
less,    the  same  be  applied  on  account  thereof. 

Rule  146.  All  fines  which  shall  be  paid  to  the  Associa- 
tion or  proprietor  on  whose  grounds  they  were  imposed 
shall  by  them  be  reported  and  paid,  within  two  weeks 
afler   the   meeting,    to   the   American   Trotting  Association. 

Rule  147.  Any  fine  imposed  by  the  National  Trotting 
Association    or    its    members    shall,    after    due    notice,    be 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS  61 

recognized  and  enforced  the  same  as  like  fines  imposed  by 
the  American  Trotting  Association  or  its  members.  All 
collections  of  such  fines  shall  be  promptly  paid  to  said 
National  Trotting  Association. 

NO   COMPROMISE  OF  PENALTIES    B?   JUDGES   OR  MEMBERS. 

Rule  148.  In  uo  case  shall  there  be  any  compromise  or 
change  on  the  part  of  the  Judges  or  a  member  in  the 
manner  <i  punishment  prescribed  in  the  rules,  and  the 
same  shall  be  strictly  enforced;  but  a  member  may  ac- 
cept compromise  settlements  of  its  suspensions  for  en- 
trance fees,  and  the  penalties  in  such  cases  shall  be  re- 
duced in  proportion. 

SUSPENSIONS     AND     EXPULSIONS. 

Rule  149.  Whenever  the  penalty  of  suspension  is 
prescribed  in  these  rules,  if  applied  to  a  horse,  it  shall  be 
construed  to  mean  during  the  time  of  suspension  an  ex- 
clusion from  the  grounds  of  a  member;  and  if  applied  to 
a  person  it  shall  be  construed  to  mean  a  conditional  with- 
holding of  all  right  or  privileges  to  compete,  either  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  any  manner,  or  to  ride,  drive,  train  or 
assist  on  the  course  and  grounds  of  the  member.  Pro- 
vided, that  an  entry  made  by  or  for  any  person,  or  of 
any  horse  so  disqualified,  shall  be  held  liable  for  the  en- 
trance fee  thus  contracted,  without  any  right  to  compete, 
unless  the  suspension  is  removed  or  the  claim  fnvolved 
therewith  is  provided  for  in  accordance  with  the  Rules 
and  Regulations;  and  further  provided,  that  no  horse  shall 
have  the  right  to  compete  while  owned  or  controlled 
wholly  or  in  part  by  a  suspended  person,  and  that  any 
suspended  person  who  shall  ride  or  drive,  or  any  sus- 
pended horse  which  shall  perform  in  a  race  on  the  grounds 
of  the  member  while  the  suspension  remains  in  force  and 
unprovided  for,  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  $50  nor  more 
than  $100  for  each  offense. 

Rule  150.  If  no  limit  is  fi-^ed  in  an  order  of  suspension 
and  none  is  defined  in  the  rule  applicable  to  the  case, 
the  penalty  shall  be  considered  as  limited  to  the  season 
in   which  the   order  was   issued. 

Rule  151.  Whenever  the  penalty  of  expulsion  is  pre- 
scribed in  the  rules,  it  shall  be  construed  to  mean  uncon- 


62.  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

ditional  exclusion  and  disqualification  from  any  participa- 
tion, either  directly  or  indirectly,  in  the  privileges  and 
uses  of  the  course  and  grounds  of  a  member. 

Rule  152.  All  persons  and  horses  under  expulsion  for 
fraud  by  reputable  trotting  and  running  associations  in 
this  and  foreign  countries  conducting  races  under  estab- 
lished rules,  and  such  persons  and  horses  as  shall  here- 
after be  so  expelled,  shall  stand  expelled  by  The  American 
Trotting  Association.  But  the  Board  of  Appeals  may  at 
any  time,  for  good  cause  shown,  remove  or  modify  any 
such  expulsion  in  so  far  as  it  affects  this  Association,  and 
pending  such  action  the  President  may  do  so  temporarily. 

Rule  153.  Any  member  wilfully  allowing  the  use  of  its 
track  by  a  suspended  or  expelled  man  or  horse,  after 
notice  from  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Trotting  Asso- 
ciation, shall  be  subject  to  a  fine  not  exceeding  $500  for 
each  offense,   or   suspension   or  expulsion. 

Rule  154.  Whenever  either  of  these  penalties  has  been 
imposed  on  any  person  or  horse  on  the  grounds  of  a 
member,  written  or  printed  notice  thereof  shall  immedi- 
ately be  forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Trot- 
ting Association,  giving  the  name  and  residence  of  the 
person,  and  the  color,  sex  and  name  of  the  horse,  and  stat- 
ing the  oftense,  and  the  character  of  punishment,  when 
said  Secretary  shall  transmit  the  information  to  the  other 
members;  and  thereupon  the  offender  thus  punished  shall 
suffer  the  same  penalty  and  disqualification  with  each  and 
every  member.  When  such  notices  of  suspension  relate  to 
unpaid  entrance  dues,  the  notice  shall  be  accompanied  by 
the  original  entry  and  the  envelope  bearing  the  postmark, 
if  sent  by   mail. 

Rule  155.  All  suspensions  imposed  for  non-payment  of 
entrance  dues  shall  cease  and  become  void  by  limitation 
at  the  expiration  of  six  years. 

RIGHT    OF    APPEAL. 

(See  Chapter  VIII.  By-Laws.) 
Rule  156.  Appeals  may  be  taken  to  the  member  in  cases 
of  suspension  imposed  by  order  of  its  Judges,  or  of  an 
officer  acting  for  the  member,  but  members  shall  not  re- 
move or  modify  any  fine  imposed  by  the  Judges  of  a  race, 
or  review  any  order  of  expulsion. 


RULES  AND  KEGX7I/ATI0NS.  63 

Rule  157.  All  decisions  and  ruling  of  the  Judges  of 
any  race,  and  of  the  several  associations  and  proprietors 
belonging  to  the  American  Trotting  Association,  may  be 
appealed  to  the  Board  of  Appeals,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
review  by  such  Board,  upon  facts  and  questions  involving 
the  proper  interpretation  and  application  of  these  rules, 
provided,  that  parties  to  be  affected  thereby  shall  be  noti- 
fied as  the  Board  shall  direct,  of  a  time  and  place  when 
such  appeal  will  be  acted  on;  and  provided  further,  if  the 
appeal  relate  to  the  decision  of  a  race,  inimediate  notice 
shall  have  been  given  to  the  Judges  of  the  race  of  the  in- 
tention to  so  appeal.  The  appellant  shall  also  deposit  $5 
for  account  of  expenses  incurred  by  this  Association  in 
connection  with  the  same. 

Rule  153.  Any  person  who  shall  appeal  from  any  order 
suspending  him  or  his  horse  for  ncn -payment  of  entrance 
money,  or  a  fine,  must  deposit  the  amount  claimed  with 
this  Association,  who  may  thereupon  issue  a  certificate  or 
notice,  through  its  Secretary,  reinstating  or  relieving  the 
party  and  his  horse  from  such  penalty,  subject  to  the 
final  action  of  the  Board  of  Appeals;  and  any  person  who 
shall  make  deposit  under  this  rule,  or  under  protest,  shall 
file  with  the  Secretary  of  this  Association,  at  the  time,  a 
sworn  statement  of  the  grounds  of  appeal  or  protest,  in  the 
absence  of  which  the  protest  or  appeal  shall  be  regarded 
as  and  become  void,  and  the  deposit  may  be  administered 
as  a  payment  applicable  to  the  claim  involved. 

Rule  159.  In  any  case  of  deposit  with  any  member  of 
this  Association  for  account  of  any  claim  of  another  mem- 
ber, or  on  account  of  any  claim  of  which  notice  has  been 
furnished  from  the  office  of  this  Association,  the  deposit 
shall  be  forwarded  within  two  weeks  after  the  close  of  the 
meeting,  to  the  office  of  this  Association,  to  be  placed  in 
the  Trust  Fund,  pending  appropriate  action  thereon;  and 
it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  member  receiving  any  such  de- 
posit to  notify  the  Secretary  of  this  Association  of  the 
same  by  telegraph  when  possible,  otherwise  by  mail,  with- 
in forty-eight  hours  from  the  receipt  of^the  deposit;  such 
deposit  shall  immediately  relieve  the  suspended  person  and 
horse  from  said  suspension.  The  ofiicer  receiving  said  de- 
posit shall  give  therefor  a  duplicate  receipt,  one  of  which 


64  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

the  depositor  shall  send  by  mail  to  the  Secretary  of  this 
Association,  and  the  other  shall,  upon  presentation  to  any 
other  member,  be  conclusive  evidence  that  the  suspension 
mentioned  therein  has  been  removed.  If  the  said  member 
fails  to  forward  such  deposit  to  the  American  Trotting 
Association,  as  required  herein,  the  said  member,  the 
President,  Secretary,  and  all  of  its  officers,  shall  be  sus- 
pended until  the  amount  is  accounted  for,  together  witS  a 
penalty  of  25  per  cent,  thereon. 

Rule  160.  In  case  of  appeal  to  the  American  Trotting 
Association,  where  the  disposition  of  money  or  other  prize 
is  concerned,  and  which  is  not  otherwise  specifically  de- 
fined by  these  rules,  such  money  or  prize  must  be  deposited 
with  this  Association  pending  the  decision  of  the  Board 
of  Appeals. 

REHEARINGS. 

Rule  161.  All  applications  for  rehearing  of  any  question 
or  matter  decided  by  the  Board  of  Appeals  must  be  made 
to  the  President  upon  a  verified  petition,  showing  good 
grounds  therefor,  within  sixty  days  after  the  notice  of 
such  decision  shall  be  mailed  to  parties  applying  for  such 
re-argument,  by  the  Secretary  of  The  American  Trotting 
Association,  and  the  President  may  grant  said  application 
upon  such  terms  as  he  may  deem  just  or  refuse  the  same. 

AGE  OF  HORSE— HOW  RECKONED. 

Rule  162.  The  age  of  a  horse  shall  be  reckoned  from  the 
first  day  of  January  of  the  year  of  foaling. 

COLTS    AND    FILLIES— EQUALLY    ELIGIBLE    TO    ENTER. 

Rule  163.  All  colts  and  fillies  shall  be  eligible  alike  to 
all  premiums  and  stakes  for  animals  of  their  age,  unless 
specially  excluded  by  the  conditions  imposed;  but  shall  not 
be  eligible  to  stakes  or  premiums  given  for  animals  of  a 
greater  age,  unless  specially  provided  for  in  the  published 
conditions. 

green  horse. 

Rule  164.  A  green  horse  is  one  that  has  never  trotted 
or  paced  for  premiums  or  money  or  against  time  either 
double   or  single. 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  65 

RACES    MADE    AND    "NO    HOUR    NAMED." 

Rule:  165.  All  races  shall  be  started  at  2  o'clock  p.  m. 
from  the  1st  day  of  April  to  the  loth  day  of  September, 
and  after  that  date  at  1  o'clock  p.  M.  until  the  season 
closes,   unless  otherwise  provided. 

RACE    MADE   TO    "GO    AS   THEY    PLEASE." 

Rule  166.  When  a  race  is  made  to  "go  as  they  please," 
it  shall  be  construed  that  the  performance  shall  be  in 
harness,  to  wagon  or  under  the  saddle;  but  after  the  race 
is  commenced  no  change  shall  be  made  in  the  mode  of  go- 
ing, and  the  race  shall  be  deemed  to  have  commenced 
when  the  horses  appear  on  the  track. 

RACE    MADE    TO    GO    "IN    HARNESS." 

Rule  167.  When  a  race  is  made  to  go  "in  harness,"  it 
shall  be  construed  to  mean  that  the  performance  shall  be 
to  a  sulky. 

PERFORMANCES   AGAINST   TIME. 

Rule  168.  When  a  horse  performs  against  time,  it  shall 
be  proper  to  allow  any  other  horse  to  accompany  him  in 
the  performance,  but  not  to  be  harnessed  with  or  in  any 
v.-ay  attached  to  him. 

Rule  169.  In  performances  against  time,  the  starters 
shall  be  entitled  and  limited  to  three  trials  (unless  ex- 
pressly stipulated  to  the  contrary),  which  shall  be  on  the 
same  day— the  time  between  trials  to  be  the  same  as  the 
time  between  heats  in  similar  distances.  In  such  trials 
there  shall  be  no  recall  after  the  word  is  given. 

HORSES     SOLD    WITH    ENGAGEMENTS. 

Rule  170.  The  seller  of  a  horse  shall  have  the  right  to 
pay  up  and  close  his  engagements,  according  to  rule,  un- 
less they  are  assumed  by  the  buyer,  as  herein  provided. 

Rule  171.  When  a  horse  is  sold  with  his  engagements, 
either  at  public  or  private  sale,  all  penalties  growing  out 
of  said  engagements  shall  attach  to  the  horse,  and  to  the 
purchaser,  as  well  as  the  original  nominator;  provided, 
that  written  notice,  signed  by  both  parties,  be  furnished 
the   Secretaries   of   all    associations  with   which   the   horse 


66  RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

has  engagements,  ordering  transfer  of  same  to  the  pur- 
chaser, and  giving  his  name  in  full,  with  his  postoflBce 
address. 

STAKE. 

Rule  172.  A  stake  is  a  race  open  to  all  complying  with 
the  published  conditions,  for  which  the  prize  is  the  total 
amount  of  money  contributed  by  the  nominators,  all  of 
which  belongs  to  the  winner  or  winners,  unless  otherwise 
provided  in  the  published  conditions. 

GUARANTEED     STAKE. 

Rule  173.  Is  the  same  as  a  stake  (see  Rule  172),  with  a 
guarantee  by"  the  party  opening  it,  that  the  sum  shall  not 
be  less  than  the  amount  named,  but  does  not  entitle  the 
giver  to  any  excess,  unless  so  stipulated  in  the  published 
conditions. 

suspended  members. 

Rule  174.  The  American  Trotting  Association  shall  not 
collect  suspensions  for  members  that  default  in  the  pay- 
ment of  their  purses  or  stakes,  and  the  President,  Secre- 
tary and  other  officers  of  such  member,  upon  conviction 
thereof  by  the  Board  of  Appeals,  shall  be  fined,  suspended 
or  expelled,  and  the  President  of  the  American  Trotting 
Association  is  authorized  to  act  pending  the  action  of  the 
Board  of  Appeals.  In  such  cases  the  suspensions  of  such 
derelict  associations  shall  be  collected  by  The  American 
Trotting  Association  and  applied  pro  rata  to  the  payment 
of  the  said  unpaid  purses  and  stakes,  provided,  a  duly 
verified  claim  for  such  unpaid  premiums  is  filed  with  the 
Secretary  of  the  American  Trotting  Association  within 
thirty  (.30)  days  of  the  close  of  the  meeting.  No  suspended 
member  or  members  which  have  failed  to  pay  premiums 
shall  have  authority  to  collect  or  cancel  a  suspension 
without  the  consent  of  the  President  of  the  American  Trot- 
ting Association  or  Board  of  Appeals.  The  Board  of  Ap- 
peals shall  have  the  power  to  suspend  officers  of  associa- 
tions which  fail  to  pay  their  dues. 

Rule  175.  The  Secretary  of  this  Association  shall  fur- 
nish to  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Trotting  Register 
Association  a  certified  copy  of  the  summaries  of  all  races 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 


67 


and  performances  against  time,  and  of  all  the  races  oc- 
curring on  the  tracks  of  members  as  soon  as  possible  aftei 
the  receipt  by  him  of  said  summaries,  at  the  cost  for 
copying  same. 

I  certify  the  foregoing  to  be  a  true  copy  of  the  Rules  and 
Regulations  of  The  American  Trotting  Association, 
adopted  May   6,   1902. 


'Mhta^^ 


^secretary. 


i  THE  HORSEMAN'S   HANDBOOK 

CHANGES    IN    THE    BY-LAWS   AND    RULES    OF 

THE  AMERCAN  TROTTING  ASSOCIATION, 

ADOPTED    DECEMBER   6,    1904. 


Published    separate    so    as    to    show    at    a    glance    the 
new    rules. 


Strike  out  Sections  3  and  4  of  the  By-Laws  and  in- 
sert in  their  place  the  following: 

Section  3.  Its  affairs  shall  be  managed  by  a  Board 
of  seven  Directors,  who  shall  be  elected  at  the  Bien- 
nial Congress  of  1904,   as  follows: 

Three  Directors  for  a  period  of  two  years  and  four 
Directors  for  a  period  of  four  years,  and  biannually 
thereafter;  and  they  shall  hold  their  office  until  the 
close  of  the  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Appeals,  follow- 
ing the  Congress,   at  which  such   election  is  held. 

Section  4.     The  Board  shall  organize  by  the  election 
of    a    President,    Vice-President,    Secretary    and    Treas- 
urer.    The  last  two  offices  may  be  held  by  one  and  the 
same  person,  who  need  not  be  a  member  of  the  Board. 
Also  strike  out  Section  6. 

Change  Rule  1  to  read:  Rule  1 — Mandate.  Sec.  1. 
All  trotting  and  pacing  over  courses  represented  by 
membership  in  "The  American  Trotting  Association" 
shall  be  governed  by  the  following  rules: 
Note. — To  this  should  be  added  "and  by  the  By- 
Amend  Rule  2  so  as  to  read:  Entries,  Rule  2.  Ail 
entries  must  be  made  in  writing,  signed  by  the  owner 
or  his  authorized  agent;  and,  within  the  time  ap- 
pointed for  closing,  they  must  be  addressed  and  for- 
warded according  to  the  published  conditions,  or  de- 
posited with  the  Secretary  or  other  person  authorized 
to  receive  them.  "The  entry  shall  give  the  name  and 
address  of  the  owner,  and  if  signed  by  an  agent,  the 
name  and  address  of  said  agent,  also,  the  name  and 
color  of  the  horse,  whether  a  stallion,  gelding  or  mare, 
the  name  of  the  sire  and  the  name  of  the  dam,  if 
known;  if  unknown,  it  shall  be  so  stated  in  the  entry. 
If  any  of  these  requirements  are  not  complied  with, 
the  offending  party  shall  be  fined  not  less  than  $5  or 
more  than  $50  for  each  offense,  and  if  the  facts  are 
falsely  stated,  for  the  purpose  of  deception,  the  guilty 
party  shall  be  fined,  suspended  or  expelled." 

Amend  Rule  3  so  as  to  read:  Rule  3.  All  entries 
not  actually  received  by  the  member,  as  aforesaid,  at 
the  hour  of  closing,  shall  be  ineligible,  except  entries 
by  letter  bearing  postmark  not  later  than  the  day  of 
closing,  or  entries  notified  by  telegraph,  the  telegram 
to  be  actually  received  at  the  office  of  sending  at  or 
before  the  hour  cf  closing,  such  telegram  to  state  the 
color,  sex  and  name  of  the  horse,  and  the  class  to  be 
entered,  also  to  give  the  name  and  residence  of  the 
party   making   the   entry. 


THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK  69 

After  Rule  5  a  new  rule,  as  follows:  "A  nominator 
^s  liable  for  entrance  on  each  horse  entered  in  a  purse 
face  or  stake." 

Amend  Rule  13  so  as  to  read:  A  horse  shall  not  be 
eligible  to  start  in  a  race  that  has  acquired  a  record 
or  bar  one  second  or  more  faster  than  the  class  adver- 
tised prior  to  the  closinor  of  the  entries  for  the  race, 
unless  otherwise  specified  in  the  published  conditions. 
Fractions  of  a  second  shall  be  considered  in  determin- 
ing eligibility;  that  is,  a  horse  acquiring  a  record  or 
bar  of  2:29  and  a  fraction  is  eligible  to  the  2:30  class. 

Divide  Rule  14  as  follows:  Rule  14.  A  horse  shall 
not  be  eligible  if  the  time  specified  has  been  beaten 
by  him  at  a  greater  distance;  that  is,  a  horse  having 
made  two  miles  in  five  minutes,  shall  take  a  record  of 
2:30  and  be  eligible  for  a  2:30  race,  but  not  for  a  race 
limited  to  horses  of  a  slower  class  than  that. 

New  Rule.  In  mixed  races,  trotting  and  pacing,  a 
horse  must  be  eligible  to  the  class  at  both  gaits  and 
it  must  be  stated  in  the  entry  at  which  gait  the  horse 
will   perform. 

Cut  out  Rules  15,  16  and  17.  Covered  by  Revised 
Rule  2. 

Cut  out  Rule  21.     Covered  by  Revised  Rule  2. 

Amend  Rule  22  so  as  to  read:  Rule  22.  If  the  nomi- 
nator is  not  the  owner  he  shall  give  his  own  name  and 
residence  and  the  name  and  residence  of  the  owner 
with  the  nomination,  or  he  shall  be  subject  to  a  fine 
if  the  owner  is  disqualified,  such  fine  to  be  not  less 
than  $50,  or  more  than  $100. 

Amend  Rule  23  so  as  to  read:  Rule  23.  Whenever 
the  nominator  is  personally  unknown  to  the  officers  of 
the  course,  if  required,  he  shall  establish  his  identity 
by  sufficient  references  or  evidence.  In  case  of  demand 
for  identification,  the  identity  or  eligibility  of  every 
entry  shall  be  established  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
judges  or  member.  Drivers,  owners  and  others  shall 
have  the  right  at  all  times  to  give  information  to  the 
judges  of  frauds  or  wrongs  perpetrated  or  attempted 
against  the  Association  without  incurring  penalty  for 
such  action.  If  the  judges  are  not  satisfied  in  regard 
to  said  identity  and  eligibility,  before  or  after  the  start, 
all  pools  and  bets  on  said  horse  or  race  may  be  de- 
clared off;  if  so  declared  ofE  it  shall  be  publicly  an- 
nounced from  the  stand.  In  such  cases  if  the  horse  is 
not  identified  and  his  eligibility  not  established  within 
thirty  days,  he  shall  be  barred  from  winning,  unless 
the  case  is  appealed  or  referred  to  the  Board  of  Ap- 
peals. Premiums  withheld  under  this  Rule  shall  be 
sent  to  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Trotting  Asso- 
ciation, to  be  by  him  retained  awaiting  the  result  of 
an  investigation  by  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Ap- 
peals. Any  premium  which  is  withheld  from  a  dis- 
qualified man  or  horse,  and  which  is  not  distributable 
under  the  rules  to  another  entry  in  the  race,  shall 
revert  to  the  member. 


70  THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK 

Amend  Rule  30  by  making  the  word  "Associate"  In 
the  second  line  read  "associated"  and  by  cutting  out 
the  words  "is  to  come  oft"  in  the  fourth  line. 

Amend  Rule  32  so  as  to  read:  Fraudulent  entries  or 
meddling  with  horses.  Rule  32.  Any  person  found 
guilty  of  making  a  fraudulent  entry  of  any  horse,  or 
of  disguising  a  horse  Avith  intent  to  conceal  his  iden- 
tity, or  being  in  any  way  concerned  in  such  a  trans- 
action, shall   be  expelled. 

After  Rule  33  insert  two  new  Rules  as  follows:  If 
any  person  be  guilty  of.  or  shall  conspire  with  any 
other  person  for  the  commission  of,  or  shall  connive  ai 
any  other  person  being  guilty  of  any  corrupt  or  fradu- 
lent  practice  in  relation  to  racing  in  this  or  any 
other  country;  or  who  shall  have  administered  a  drug 
or  stimulant  internally  or  by  hypodermic  method  prior 
to  or  during  the  progress  of  a  race,  or  who  shall  have 
used  appliances  electrical  or  mechanical  other  than  the 
ordinary  whip  and  spur  shall  be  fined,  suspended  or 
expelled   according  to   the   gravity  of  the  offense." 

Section  4.  "It  appearing  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Judges  that  a  horse  in  a  race  is  affected  by  drugs  or 
stimulants  inter)ially  or  hypodermically  administered, 
or  has  during  the  race  been  subjected  to  electrical  or 
mechanical  appliances  other  than  the  whip  or  spur, 
shall  be  ruled  out  at  once  and  suspended  or  expelled." 

Amend  Rule  43  by  making  the  figures  "$100"  in  the 
eighth   line    of   the   Rule   read    ".$500." 

Amend  Rule  44  so  qs  to  read:  Rule  44.  Nominators 
having  two  or  more  entries  in  one  race  shall  notify  the 
Secretary  of  the  course  as  provided  for  in  Rule  43, 
which  they  will  start.  This  rule  shall  not  be  construed 
to  relieve  nominators  from  payment  or  entries  that  are 
drawn. 

Change  Rule  52  by  adding  the  word  "double"  before 
"teams,"  in  the  third  line. 

Amend  Rule  54  so  as  to  read:  Selection  of  Judges 
and  Timers.  Rule  54.  In  every  exhibition,  race  or 
performance  against  time  over  the  course  of  a  mem- 
ber, the  presiding  oflicer  or  manager  of  the  member 
shall  choose  or  authorize  the  selection  of  three  (3)  com- 
petent Judges  for  the  day  or  race,  who  shall  under- 
stand the  rules  of  this  Association,  and  shall  rigidly 
enforce  the  same;  and  all  their  decisions  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  and  in  conformity  with  said  rules.  A  starter 
may  be  employed,  and  he  or  the  Judge  selected  to  do 
the  starting  shall  have  control  of  the  horses  and  driv- 
ers, under  the  rules,  with  the  approval  of  the  Judges, 
from  the  first  score  in  every  heat  until  the  word  "Go" 
is  given.  There  shall  be  three  competent  Timers  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  or  Manager  of  the  member, 
who  shall  take  the  time  of  each  heat,  and  time  so  taken 
shall  be  announced  and  recorded  in  conformity  with 
these  rules. 

Amend  Rule  55  by  adding  after  the  word  "Appeals" 
on  the  last  line  the  words,   "Fined  or  expelled." 


THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK  71 

Amend  Rule  58  so  as  to  read:  Authority  of  Judges. 
Rule  58.  The  Judges  of  the  day  or  race  shall  have 
authority,  while  presiding,  to  appoint  Distance  Flagmen 
and  Paroles;  to  inflict  tines  and  penalties,  as  prescribed 
by  these  rules;  to  determine  all  questions  of  fact  re- 
lating to  the  race  over  whicli  they  preside;  to  decide 
respecting  any  matters  of  difference  between  parties  to 
the  race,  or  any  contingent  matter  which  shall  arise, 
such  as  are  not  otherwise  provided  for  in  these  rules; 
and  they  may  declare  pools  and  bets  "off"  in  case  of 
fraud,  no  appeal  to  be  allowed  from  their  decision  in 
that  respect,  but  all  of  their  decisions  shall  be  in  strict 
conformity  with  the  rules,  or  with  the  principles  there- 
of. When  pools  or  bets  are  declared  oft"  for  fraud,  the 
guilty  parties  shall  be  tined.  suspended  or  expelled. 
They  shall  have  control  over  the  horses  about  to  sj:art, 
and  the  riders  or  drivers  and  assistants  of  the  horses, 
and  in  the  absence  of  other  provisions  in  these  rules, 
they  shall  have  authority  to  punish  by  fine  not  ex- 
ceeding .$100,  or  by  suspension  or  expulsion,  any  such 
person  who  shall  fail  to  obey  their  orders  or  the  rules. 

Amend  Rule  60  to  read:  Flagmen  and  Patrols. 
Rule  60.  In  all  races  or  heats  there  shall  be  Distance 
Flagmen  appointed  l)y  the  Judges  of  the  race  or  by 
those  in  authority.  They  shall  remain  in  the  distance- 
stand  during  the  heats,  and  immediately  after  each  heat 
shall  repair  to  the  Judges'  stand  and  report  to  the 
(Judges  Avhat  horse  or  horses  are  behind  the  flag,  ajid 
all  foul  or  improper  conduct,  if  any  has  occurred  under 
their  observation.  The  Judges  of  the  race  shall  detei-- 
mine   what   horses   are   distanced. 

1  Amend  Rule  62  to  read:  Powers  and  Duties  of 
Judges  and  Timers.  Rule  62.  The  Judges  shall  be 
in  the  stand  fifteen  minutes  before  the  time  for  .  tart- 
ing  the  race;  they  shall  determine  the  positions  of  -.ho 
horses  by  lot.  and  inform  each  rider  or  driver  of  his 
place  before  starting. 

Amend  Rule  65  by  making  the  word  "Flagman,"  in 
the  third  line  of  the  Rule,   read   "Flagmen." 

After   Rule  66  insert   the   following  new  Rules: 

"After  each  heart  the  drivers  or  riders  shall  come  to 
the  Judges'  stand  and  not  dismount  or  leave  their  vehi- 
cles without  permission  of  the  Judges,  and  no  driver 
or  rider  shall  be  changed  after  starting  in  a  race  except 
by   order   or   permission    of   the   Judges." 

Amend  Rule  76  by  striking  out  the  word  "Judges" 
in    the   fourth   line  of  the    rule. 

Amend  Rule  78  by  striking  out  the  words  "or"  in 
tke  ninth  and  tenth  line  of  the  Rule  and  inserting  the 
words  "nor"  in  lieu  thereof. 

Amend  Rule  84  by  inserting  the  word  "other"  after 
the  word  "any"   in  the  second  line  of  the  Rule. 

Amend  Rule  89  so  as  to  read:  Rule  89.  The  time 
between  heats  for  either  mile  heats  or  for  mile  heats, 
liest  three-iu-five,  shall  be  twenty-five  minutes;  and  for 
two-mile    heats,    thirty    minutes;      and     for     three-mile 


72  THE  horseman's  HANDBOOK 

heats,   tliirty-five   minutes;   and   should  there  be   a  race 
of  four-mile   heats,   the  time   shall  be  forty   minHtes, 
the  track   shall   pass  to  the   left." 

Amend  Rule  98  by  striking  out  the  word  "stipu- 
lated"' in  the  sixth  line  of  the  rule  and  inserting  the 
word    "provided"    in    lieu    thereof. 

Amend  Rule  102  by  striking  out  the  word  "correct" 
in  the  last  line  of  the  Rule  and  inserting  the  word 
"corrected"    in   lieu    thereof. 

Amend  Rule  109  by  adding  the  words  "or  posted" 
after  the  word   "announced"  in  the  fourth  line. 

Amend  Rule  116  so  as  to  read:  Rule  116.  A  fine 
not  to  exceed  $500  shall  be  imposed  upon  any  member 
of  this  Association  on  whose  grounds  there  shall  be 
allowed  any  suppression  of  time  as  aforesaid;  and 
time  shall  be  deemed  to  have  been  suppressed  in  any 
race  wherein  a  record  of  the  same  is  not  kept  at  the 
time  in  writing,   whether  on  associated  tracks  or  others. 

Amend  Rule  119  by  cutting  out  the  words  "selected 
for  the  pui-pose"  in  the  fourth  line  of  the  Rule. 

Place  Rule  121   after  Rule  325. 

Amend  Rule  122  so  as  to  read:  Rule  122.  Any  pub- 
lice  race  at  a  less  distance  than  one  mile,  and  exceed' 
ing  half  a  mile,  shall  be  regarded  as  irregular,  andL 
the  time  made  at  any  such  distance  shall  create  a  bar. 

Amend  Rule  125  so  as  to  read:  When  Time  Shall 
Not  be  a  Bar.  Rule  125.  Time  made  under  the  sad- 
dle, or  on  snow  or  ice,  as  well  as  time  made  when 
two  or  more  horses  are  harnessed  together,  shall  con- 
stitute a  bar  for  races  of  the  same  chara*  ter,  but  shall 
not  be  a  bar  for  races  of  a  different  character;  time 
made  to  wagon  shall  be  a  record  or  bar,  as  the  case 
may    be.    in   races   of   every   character. 

Ammend   Rule  127  by  adding  the  words   "or  posted." 

Amend  Rule  129  by  making  the  word  "performances" 
in   the   last   !ine   read    "performance." 

Ammend  Rule  133  so  as  to  read:  Rule  133.  A  regular 
meeting  is  hereby  constructed  to  mean  a  meeting  ad- 
vertised in  at  least  one  newspaper  in  the  vicinity,  not 
less  than  one  week  before  the  commencement  of  said 
meeting,  and  at  which  meeting  no  less  than  two  public 
races  are  advertised  for  each  day. 

Immediately  after  Rule  147  insert  new  Rule  as  fol- 
lows: "All  fines  and  other  penalties  imposed  by  the 
Judges  shall  be  announced  from  the  stand  and  recorded 
in   the  Judges'   Book." 

Amend  Rule  148  by  cutting  out  the  word  "a"  in  the 
second  line;  also  the  word  "and"  in  the  third  line  and 
inserting  in  lieu  thereof  the  word  "but." 

Amend  Rule  149  so  as  to  read:  No  horse  shall  ha\f* 
the  i-ight  to  compete  while  owned  or  controlled  wholly 
or  in  part  by  a  suspended,  expelled  or  disqualified  per- 
son. An  entry  made  by  or  for  a  person  or  of  a  horse 
suspended,  expelled  or  disqualified  shall  be  held  liable 
for  the  entrance  fee  thus  contracted  without  the  right 
to  compete,   unless  the  penalty  is  removed  or  the  claim 


THE  HORSEMAN'S  AANDBOOK  73 

involved  therewith  is  provided  for  in  accordance  with 
the  Rules  and  Regulations.  A  suspended  or  disqualified 
person  who  shall  ride  or  drive,  or  a  suspended  or  dis- 
qualified horse  which  shall  perform  in  a  race  on  the 
grounds  of  a  member  while  the  suspension  or  disquali- 
fication remains  in  force  and  unprovided  for,  shall  be 
fined  not  less  than  $50,  nor  more  than  $100,  for  each 
offense. 

Amend  Rule  151  by  striking  out  the  word  "the"  in 
the  second  line  and  inserting  the  wrod  "these"  in  lieu 
thereof. 

Amend  Rule  153  so  as  to  read:  Rule  153.  Any  mem- 
ber wilfully  allowing  the  use  of  its  track  by  an  ex- 
pelled man  or  horse,  after  notice  from  the  Secretary 
of  the  American  Ti-otting  Association,  shall,  together 
with  its  President,  Secretary  and  other  oflicers,  be  sub- 
ject to  a  fine  not  exceeding  $500  for  each  offense,  or 
suspension  or  expulsion. 

Amend  Rule  155  by  inserting  the  words  "fines  and" 
after   the   word    "all"   in   the   first   line. 

Amend  Rule  158  so  as  to  read:  Rule  158.  Any  per- 
son who  shall  appeal  from  any  order'suspending  him  or 
his  horse  for  non-payment  of  entrance  money,  or  a  fine, 
may  deposit  the  amount  claimed  with  this  Association, 
who  may  thereupon  issue  a  certificate  of  notice,  through 
its  Secretary,  reinstating  or  relieving  the  party  and 
his  horse  from  such  penalty,  subject  to  the  final  action 
of  the  Board  of  Appeals;  and  any  person  who  shall 
make  deposit  under  this  rule,  or  under  protest,  shall 
file  with  the  Secretary  of  this  Association,  within  thirty 
days  of  date  of  deposit,  a  sworn  statement  of  the 
grounds  of  appeal  or  protest,  in  the  absence  of  which 
the  pi'otest  or  appeal  shall  be  regarded  as  and  become 
void,  and  the  deposit  may  be  administered  as  a  pay- 
ment applicable  to   the  claim   involved. 

Amend  Rule  161  by  striking  out  the  word  "sixty" 
in  the  fourth  line,  and  inserting  the  word  "twenty"  in 
lieu  thereof. 

Place  Rules  168  and  169  immediately  after  Rule  135, 
and  in  Rule  169  immediately  after  the  word  "beats" 
on  the  fifth  line,   use  the  word   "at"  in  place  of   "the." 

Amend  Rule  173  by  striking  out  the  word  "as"  in 
the  fourth  line  and  inserting  the  word  "otherwise"  in 
lieu   thereof. 

Also  the  following  new  Rule  to  come  immediately 
after  the  present  Rule  125: 

Amateur  Driving  Clubs  in  membership  with  this 
Association  shall  not  be  considered  as  regular  members 
who  give  public  meetings,  and  their  matinees  shall  be 
considered  as  only  "trials  of  speed,"  but  they  shall 
be  amenable   for   any   violation  of  the  Rules. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 


INDEX  TO   RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 


Accidents:  kule.  page. 

Time  allowed 94  53 

Collision  or  interference 95  53 

When  horse  may  be  ruled  out 95  53 

When  ruled  out  or  distanced  horse  may  start 

again 95  53 

When  heat  shall  be  declared  void 97  53 

Age  of  Horse: 

How  reckoned 162  64 

Appeals  (right  of): 

Kegulation  of 156  to  160        62,  64 

When  appeal  may  be  taken  to  member 156  62 

All  decisions  and  rulings  may  be  appealed  to 

Board  of  Appeals 157  63 

Parties  affected  must  be  notified 157  63 

Immediate  notice  must  be  given  Judges,  if  re- 
lating to  decision  of  race 157  63 

Requirements  for  temporary  reinstatement 

pending  appeal 158  63 

In  case  of  appeal,  money  or  prize  must  be  de- 
posited with  American  Trotting  Associa- 
tion      159  63 

AssociATiOJSS  IN  Membership: 

Must  so  state  in  published  conditions 8  34 

Bar: 

When  time  becomes  a  bar 50, 120  to  124  44,  57, 58 

When  time  shall  not  be  a  bar 121, 125        57, 58 

Bets  :    (See  Pools  and  Bets. ) 
Breaking  and  Mixing  Gait: 

Horses  must  be  at  once  pulled  to  the  gait 80  51 

Penalty  for  not  complying 80  51 

Penalty  for  distance  gained  in  breaking 81  51 

Penalty  for  repeatedly  breaking,  running  or 

changing  gait 82  51 

Breaking  at  or  near  the  score 84  53 

Changing  Name  of  Horse 18, 19       36,  37 


ixdex— rules  axd  regulatioxs.        75 

Clerk  of  the  Course:  rule.  page. 

His  duties  defined 57  46 

Collections: 

For  suspended  members ;  how  applied 174  66 

Collision:    (See  Accidents.) 

Color  and  Sex  of  Horse  :    (See  Entries. ) 

Colts  and  Fillies: 

Equally  eligible 160  64 

Complaints: 

By  riders  and  drivers 139  59 

Compromise  of  Penalties: 

By  Judges  or  members  not  allowed 148  61 

Of  entrance  fees  may  be  made  by  member ....    148  61 

Conditional  Entries:     (See  Entries.) 

Contingent  Matters  : 

May  be  decided  by  Judges 58  46 

Darkness: 

No  heat  to  be  started  after  sunset 47  43 

Dead  Heats: 

Position  after  dead  heat 76  50 

Effect  of  dead  heat 86,87,88  52 

Time  made  a  record  or  bar , 86  52 

What  horses  can  start  after  dead  heat 87,  88  52 

Death: 

Nominations  void  in  case  of  person  or  horse . .      23  39 

Decorum:    (See  Misconduct.) 

Punishment  for  breach  of 140  to  144        59,  60 

Deposit  for  Claims  : 

Must  be  forwarded  within  time  specified 159  63 

Notice  of  payment  to  be  made  within  forty- 

eighthours 159  63 

Duplicate  receipt  to  be  given 159  63 

Deposit  immediately  releases  suspension  — .    159  63 

Penalty  for  failure  to  forward  deposit 159  63 

Description:    (See  Entries.) 

Disguising:    (See  Meddling  with  Horses.) 

Disqualification:    (See  Sec.  62,  By-Laws. J 

In  case  of  suppression  of  time 115  56 

Distance: 

In  case  of  protest;  shall  be  waived 37  41 

To  be  waived  when  signal  of  recall  is  given  by 

error 69  49 


76  index— rules  and  regulations. 

Distance:                                                            rule.  page. 

For  repeatedly  running,  breaking  or  pacing . .     82  51 

Incase  of  accident 95,96  53 

What  constitutes  a  distance  . , 105, 106  54, 55 

On  mile  tracks , 105  54 

On  half-mile  tracks ..... 105  54 

Cannot  be  increased 105  54 

Wlien  distance  is  changed  , . . . .    105  54 

Result  of  distancing 107  55 

Rank  between  distanced  horses 108  55 

May  be  waived  when  heat  is  not  awarded  to 

leading  horses 113  56 

May  be  waived  on  horse  driven  by  a  substi- 
tuted driver 66  48 

Distance  Flagman:    (See  Judges.) 

Dosing  :    (See  Meddling  with  Horses.) 

Drawing  Horses: 

When  horses  may  be  drawn 43, 44  42, 43 

How  to  be  drawn 43, 44  42, 43 

Pena^''  y  for  violation 43, 44  42, 43 

Drivers  \^  ^  Riders: 

Shall  not  dismount  without  permission  of 

Judges 49  44 

Can  be  changed  only  by  order  of  the  Judges  .     49  44 

When  overweight 51  44 

To  be  properly  dressed 62  47 

Penalty  for  failure  to  appear  promptly 63  48 

May  be  substituted  by  Judges 66,  68  48, 49 

Penalty  for  refusing  to  be  substituted 66,  67  48, 49 

When  and  how  to  be  paid  for  substitution ....  66,  68  48, 49 

Shall  not  cause  unnecessary  delay 70  49 

All  complaints  must  be  made  before  dis- 
mounting      139  59 

Loud  shouting  prohibited 142  60 

Engagements  : 

Void  in  case  of  death 28  39 

Horses  sold  with 170,171  65 

Entries  : 

How  and  when  made  and  received 2, 3  33 

If  notified  by  telegraph  or  telephone,  how  and 

when  to  be  made  and  received 2,3  33 

Hour  for  closing 4  34 


INDEX— KULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  77 

Entries:    (Continued.)  ri:i.e.  page. 

When  entries  may  be  rejected 5, 17  34,  36 

Must  be  published 6  34 

Nominators  must  be  notified  if  race  is  not  filled       6  34 

Entrance  fee 9  34 

Penalty  for  non-payment  of  entrance 9  34 

Governed  by  published  conditions 11  35 

Governed  by  rules,  regulations  and  by-laws ...       7  34 

Special  conditions  prohibited 11  3'6 

Number  required  to  fill  and  start 12  35 

When  not  eligible 13, 14  35,  36 

In  mixed  races  must  be  eligible  at  both  gaits     14  36 

Description  of  horse  must  be  given 15, 18  36 

Color  and  sex  must  be  stated 16, 17  36 

Pedigree  must  be  given  where  known 17  36 

Name  and  former  name,  if  any,  of  horse  must 

be  given 18, 19  36,  37 

Teams  and  team  races 20  37 

Residence  and  postofiice  address  of  nominator 

must  be  given 21  37 

Owner's  name  must  be  given 22  37 

Nominator  and  entry  must  be  identified  jf  re- 
quired       23  38 

Nominator  held  for  entrance  fee  regardless 

of  proposed  conditions 11  35 

When  nominator  may  start  two  horses 26  39 

Entries  that  can  not  start 26  39 

Penalty  for  false  entry 33  40 

Fraudulent  entries 32,  33  40 

Parties  making  two  or  more  entries,  shall 

elect  which  they  will  start 44  43 

For  performances  against  time 135  59 

Entrance  Fee:    (See  also  Entries.) 

Fixed  \.  hen  specified 9  34 

Drawn  horse  liable  for 44  43 

Suspended  person  or  horse  liable  for 149  61 

Expulsions  : 

Expulsion  defined 151  61 

Of  member  for  wilfully  allowing  use  of  track 

by  expelled  man  or  horse 153  62 

Notice  of  expulsion  to  be  forwarded  immedi- 
ately     154  62 

Requirements  of  notice 154  62 


78  INDEX— RULES  AND  REGULATIONS. 

Expulsions:    (Continued.)  rule.  page. 

Member  can  not  rem- ve  expulsion i56  62 

Of  member  for  collusive  arrangemf-nts ii  35 

Of  Judges  for  improper  conduct 56  46 

Of  other  Associations  enforced 152  62 

For  false  pedigree  or  record 17  35 

For  false  statement  of  name  or  residerce 21  37 

For  refusing  to  afford  information 25  38 

For  dosinus  tampering  or  disguisin  ^ 32  40 

For  wrongfully  entering  in  class 33  43 

For  false  protest 19  41 

For  acting  as  Judge  while  under  penalty 55  -  5 

For  allowing  corrupt  withdrawal  of  protest. . .  40  41 

For  "pulling "or  driving  improperly 66  48 

For  failure  to  drive  to  finish 69  49 

For"helping" 78  50 

For  fraudulent  or  Intentional  interference  or 

collision 95  53 

For  fraudulent  suppression  of  time 117  57 

For  breach  of  decorum 140  59 , 

For  assault,  or  threat  to  do  bodily  injury  or 

using  insulting  language 141  60 

For  fraudulent  misconduct 143  60 

For  purposely  losing  a  race 144  60 

Track  and  officers  may  be  expelled  for  failure 

to  pay  premiums 174  66 

False  Announcement  OF  Time 110  55 

Fines  : 

When  and  to  whom  to  be  paid 14G,  147  60 

If  collected,  must  be  paid  to  American  Trot- 
ting Association  within  two  weeks 146  60 

Penalty  fir  non-payment 145  60 

Not  to  be  compromised  by  Judges  or  mem  1  ers  148  61 

Member  can  not  remove  or  modify 156  62 

For  false  pedigree  or  record 17  36 

For  changing  name  of  horse  without  authority  18  36 

For  false  statement  of  name  and  residence...  21  37 
For  not  stating  name  and  residence  of  owner 

if  disqualified 22  38 

For  fraudulent  arrangement,  whether  carr  ed 

outornot 66  48 

For  fraudulent  or  intentional  interference  or 

collision 95  53 


INDEX— KULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  Ti 

FINES:    (Continued.)  rule.  page. 

For  disguising  or  entering  in  wrong  class 33  40 

For  false  protest 39  41 

For  improper  length  of  whip ., 52  45 

For  refusing  to  ride  or  drive 66  'S 

For  "  pulling '"  or  driving  improperly 6(>,  80  48,  5y 

For  failure  to  score  properly 71, 73  49,  50 

Fo:  "helping" 78  50 

For  breaking 80  51 

For  failure  to  drive  to  finish 69  49 

For  suppression  of  time Ii5  56 

For  allowing  suppression  of  tlmo IIG  57 

For  breach  of  decorum 140, 143  59,60 

For  loud  shouting 142  bO 

For  performing  on  members'  grounds  while 

suspended 149  Ci 

For  failure  to  give  notice  of  withdrawal 43  42 

For  refusing  to  testify 25  38 

For  member  wilfully  allowing  use  of  track  to 

expelled  or  suspended  person  or  horse 153  02 

When  imposed  by  National  Trotting  Associa- 
tion or  its  members , 147  60 

Track  and  officers  may  be  fined  for  failure  to 

pay  premiums 174  66 

Flagman: 

How  appointed  and  duties 60  47 

Forfeits  : 

Not  released  by  death  of  horse 28  38 

For  fraudulent  entry 33  4(» 

For  refusal  to  answer  protest 35  40 

For  failurf^  to  appear  on  time  in  stakes  and 

matciies 63  48 

Fouls  : 

To  be  reported  by  Flagmen  and  Patrols 60,  61  47 

By  whom  complaint  may  be  made 65  48 

Fractions  of  Time: 

Not  to  operate  as  a  bar 13  35 

Frauds: 

Fraudulent  arrangements 66  48 

Right  to  give  information 23  38 

Pools  and  bets  may  be  declared  off  in  case  of 

fraud 23,  58  38,46 

Fraudulent  acts  not  specially  provided  for . . .    143  60 


80  INDEX— RULES  AND  BEGULATIONS. 

Frauds:    (Continued.)  rule.  page. 

Topreventfraud,  Judges  shall  start  horse...     95  53 

Fraudulent  Entries: 

Punishment  for 32  40 

Gait  of  Horse: 

Must  be  stated  in  mixed  races 14  36 

Green  Horse: 

Defined 164  64 

Handicaps:    (See  Weights  and  Weighing.) 

Heats:    (See  also  Placing  Horses.) 

When  result  of  heat  shall  be  announced 64  48 

When  deciding  heat  maybe  declared  void ....  66, 97        48,  54 

What  horses  may  start  after  first  heat 84  52 

Dead  heats 86,87,88  52 

Time  between  heats 89,  90  52 

Sandwiching  heats 90  52 

"Helping:" 

Forbidden 78  50 

Penalty  for  "Helping" 79  50 

Horses: 

Must  be  driven  to  finish  in  every  heat 69  49 

Horses  Breaking  :    ( See  Breaking  and  Mixing 
Gaits.) 

Horses  to  be  Timed  :  (See  Time  and  its  Eecord.) 

Horses  sold  with  Engagements.    (See  En- 
gagements.) 

Identification  Necessary: 

Of  man  and  horse  may  always  be  required . .  15, 21  )    „^  „„  „„ 

t..25r  ^^'"^^'^^ 

Information  must  be  given  if  required 19, 25        37,  38 

Interference:    (See  Accidents.) 

Irregular  Races 122  57 

Judges  : 

By  whom  to  be  selected 54  45 

Number  required 54  45 

Persons  disqualified 55  45 

Penalty  for  acting  if  disqualified 55  45 

Penalty  for  improper  conduct 56  46 

Authority  and  duties 58  to  68    46  to  49 

Have  power  to  examine  under  oath 59  47 

Flagmen  and  Patrols,  appointment  and  du- 
ties  58,60,61         46,47 


INDEX— RULES  AND  REGULATIONS.  81 

Judges:    (Continued.)  rule.  page. 
When  they  may  determine  what  horses  are 

distanced 60,10G        47,  55 

To  determine  position  of  horses 62             47 

May  substitute  riders  or  drivers 66             48 

May  declare  deciding  heat  void 66             48 

Must  r^  cord  all  brealcs  made 83             51 

Must  sign  official  record 57             46 

When  they  shall  declare  concluding  heat  void  97             53 

Judges'  Stand  : 

By  whom  to  be  occupied 53             45 

List  of  Entries  : 

To  bM^rep^red and  published 6             34 

Loud  Shouting  : 

Prohibited 142             60 

Mandate: 1            33 

Match  Races: 

When  not  affected  by  death  of  horse 28            40 

How  governed 29             40 

When  "  Play'or  Pay  " 30            40 

Matches  against  time  not  allowed I:i4             59 

Between  horses  of  unequal  age 136             59 

Meddling  with  Horses: 

Howpunished 33            40 

Members: 

Must  so  advertise  in  published  conditions ....  8            34 

Misconduct: 

How  punished 140  to  144        59, 60 

Name  OF  Horse:    (See  also  Entries.) 

Must  be  gi\  en  in  entry 18, 19,  20        36,  37 

Must  not  be  changed  without  authority is             36 

Fee  for  recording  change 18             : 6 

Penalty  for  changing  without  authority I8             36 

What  names  shall  not  be  used 18            36 

Nominations:    (See  Entries.) 

Nominator: 

When  not  the  owner 22            37 

When  personally  unknown 23             38 

Number  of  Entries  Kequired  •    (See  Entries.) 

Officers: 

Of  members  may  be  penalized 174            66 

Overweight: 

Provisions  in  case  of 51            44 


82  INDEX— KULES  AND  REGULATIONS . 

Pacing  Races:  (See  Mandate.)  rule.  page. 

Patrols  : 

How  appointed  and  duties 6i  47 

Pedigree: 

Must  be  given  and  published  when  known ...      17  36 

Penalties: 

Must  not  be  compromised  by  Judges  nor  by 

members,  except  for  entrance  fees 148  61 

Performances  against  Time: 

Rules  governing 48,  54, 126  to  138, 168, 169 


43,45 


59,65 

Must  be  made  at  regular  meeting 126  58 

Placing  Horses  : 

How  regulated 98  to  103  53,  54 

Must  win  majority  of  heats 98  53 

When  all  competitors  are  distanced 98  53 

Second  horse  only  entitled  to  second  premium  99  53 
When  winner  may  receive  more  than  one 

premium 98, 99  53 

Decidmg rank  of  horses •..  ,  loi  54 

When  equal  in  rank 102  54 

Pools  and  Bets: 

When  they  may  be  declared  off 23,58  38,46 

Judge's  decision  final 58  46 

Positions: 

Of  horses  to  be  determined  and  announced  by 

Judges 62  47 

Postponement  : 

When  and  how  permitted 45  43 

On  account  of  darkness 46  43 

Special  agreement 47  43 

Protests  and  Protested  Horses: 

In  case  of  protest  identity  of  entry  must  be 

established 23  38 

When  and  how  to  be  made 34  40 

Must  be  reduced  to  writing 34  40 

Duties  of  Judges  and  members  as  to  pro- 
tests   35,  36,  38  40,  41 

When  distance  is  waived 37  41 

When  premiums  shall  be  retained 36  41 

Punishment  for  false  protest . . .  = 39  41 

Withdrawal  of  protest  not  allowed 40  41 

Form  of  oath  in  answer  to  protest 42  42 


index— rules  and  regulations .  83 

Public  Race:  rule.  page. 

Defined 118  57 

When  performances  are  not  public  races 121  57 

Purse  or  Premium: 

When  premium  shall  revert  to  member 23  38 

No  premium  for  "  Walk-over  " 27  39 

Disposition  when  wrongfully  obtained 31  40 

When  member  may  withhold 41  41 

Disposition  when  withheld 41  41 

When  purse  races  shall  be  declared  off 45  43 

When  member  may  pay  substituted  driver 

from 66  48 

Ruled-out  horse  may  be  entitled  to  premium .  85,  88  52 
Number  of  premiums  not  to  exceed  number 

ofstarters S9  53 

Published  conditions  to  govern  awards lOO  53 

When  premiums  shall  be  divided  equally 103  54 

Pulling: 

Remedy  and  penalty  prescribed 66  48 

Races: 

W^hen  they  shall  be  declared  off .      45  43 

Matches  against  other  horses 29,  30  39 

Made  and  no  hour  named 165  65 

Made  to  "  Go  as  they  please  " 166  65 

Made  to  go  in  harness 167  65 

Where  no  distance  or  way  of  going  is  specified    104  54 
See  also  Rules  118, 122. 

Rank  of  Horses: 

How  decided 101  54 

When  equal  in  rank 103  54 

In  case  of  redistribution 102  54 

Recall 70  49 

Records:     (See  also  Time  and  its  Record.) 

Records,  how  made 119  57 

When  records  cannot  be  made 121  57 

Records  made  on  non-association  tracks 123  58 

Fraudulent  records 124  58 

VaUdity  of  disputed  records  determined ......    138  59 

Regular  Meeting  Defined 133  59 

Rehearings: 

How  to  be  applied  for  and  granted 161  64 

Reinstatement  : 

Requirement  for  temporary 158  63 


84  IXDEX— RULES  AND  REGULATIONS . 

Reward  FOR  Information:  rule.  page. 

In  regard  to  collusive  arrangements 11  35 

In  regard  to  suppression  of  time 116  57 

Rider:    (See  Driver.) 

Right  op  Appeal:  (See  Appeals.) 

Ruled  Out  Horse  : 

When  ruled  out  or  distanced  horse  shall  start 

again 95  53 

May  be  entitle  d  to  premium 85,  88  52 

For  interfering  or  helping 79  50 

Sandwiching  Heats = i90  52 

Starter: 

May  be  employed 54  45 

When  starter  shall  leave  Judge's  stand 54  45 

Starting  and  Keeping  Positions  : 

What  constitutes  a  start 70  49 

No  recall  after  a  start 70  49 

How  regulated 70  to  79  49, 50 

Directions  for  starting 70, 71  49 

Directions  for  scoring 71, 72  49 

Penalty  for  non-compliance 73  50 

Standing  start,  when  allowed 74  50 

Warning  not  necessary 75  50 

Positions  after  heat 76  50 

Positions  on  homestretch 77  50 

Interfering  with  other  horses 78  50 

Penalty  for  interference 79  50 

Hour  for  starting 165  64 

Sponging: 

How  of  ten  allowed 7J  49 

Stakes 27, 172  39, 66 

Stakes  (guaranteed) 173  66 

Suppression  of  Time: 

Definition  and  penalties 115,  i;6,  li:  56,57 

Suspended  Members  : 

Collections  may  be  applied  towards  payment 

of  claims 174  66 

Suspensions  : 

For  unpaid  entrance 9  34 

When  not  lawful '  lO  35 

For  unpaid  dues  meu\ber  may  compromise. . .    148  61 

Suspension  defined 149  61 


INDEX— RULES  AKD  REGULATIONS.  85 

Suspensions:    {Continued.)  rule.  page. 

Penalty  for  violation  of  suspension 149  61 

Limit  of  suspension. . , , 150  61 

Of  member  for  wilfully  allowing  use  of  track 

to  person  or  horse  under  penalty 153  62 

Notice  of  suspension  to  be  immediately  for- 
warded   154  62 

Requirements  of  notice  for  unpaid  entrance 
(must  be  accompanied  by  original  entry 

and  envelope) 154  62 

Limitation  of  suspension  of  persons  and  horses 

for  entrance  dues 155  62 

For  false  pedigree  or  record 17  S6 

For  false  statement  of  name  or  residence 2)  38 

For  refusing  to  afford  information 24,  C5  38 

For  wrongfully  retaining  purse  or  money 31  40 

For  disguising 33  40 

For  false  protest S9  4i 

For  refusing  to  ride  or  drive  — 66  48 

For  breaking 80  51 

For  failure  to  score  properly 73  50 

For  "helping" < 70  CO 

For  fraudulent  or  intentional  interference  or 

collision 95  53 

For  breach  of  decorum 140  C9 

For  failure  to  drive  to  finish 69  49 

For  loud  shouting 142  60 

For  ron-payment  of  fines 145  60 

Of  member  for  failure  to  remit  deposit 159  63 

Of  member,  track  or  officers,  for  failure  to 

pay  premiums 174  66 

Of  member  for  wilfully  allowing  use  of  track 

by  person  or  horse  under  penalty 153  63 

Tampering  WITH  Horses: 32  40 

Teams  and  Team  Races  : 

Each  horse  to  be  named  and  described 20  37 

Temporary  Reinstatement: 

Requirements  for 158  63 

Timers: 

;^  How  appointed,  and  duties t2  47 

*  Must  sign  official  record 57, 119  46, 57 


86  INDEX— RULES  AND  KEGULATIONS. 

Time  AND  ITS  Record:  rule.    page. 

When  made  in  races  of  more  than  one  mile ...  14  36 

To  be  taken,  recorded  and  announced 109  55 

Who  to  appoint  Timers 62  47 

No  unofficial  timing  to  be  recorded  or  an- 
nounced   110  55 

Time  shall  not  be  changed  except  as  provided  111  55 

Two  leading  horses  to  be  separately  timed 112  56 

Time  of  horse,  if  ruled  out,  to  remain  a  record 

or  bar 112  56 

Time  of  dead  heat  a  record  or  bar  for  horses 

making  same 113  56 

When  not  to  be  given  out  or  recorded   113  56 

To  be  taken  from  pole  horse  or  one  selected 

to  score  by 114  56 

Suppression  of  time 115, 116, 117  56,  57 

When  time  becomes  a  record  or  bar 119  to  124  57, 58 

Names  of  Timers  to  be  signed  by  them 119  57 

Time  made  under  saddle 125  58 

Time  made  on  snow  or  ice 125  58 

Time  made  when  two  or  more  horses  are  har- 
nessed together 125  58 

When  time  shall  not  be  a  record  or  bar 125  58 

Time  Between  Heats: 

Time  allowed  between  heats 89  52 

Time  to  call  horses  after  first  heat 91  52 

Time  allowed  in  case  of  accident 94  53 

Track : 

May  be  penalized 174  66 

Track  Eules: 

Horses  must  pass  to  the  left  on  track 92  52 

Horses  permitted  on  track 93  53 

Trainers  :    (See  Drivers  and  Eiders) 140, 141  .59,  60 

Trotting  After  Sunset: 

Not  allowed 47  43^ 

Void  Heats  : 

If  a  deciding  or  concluding  heat 66,97  48,53 

Walk  Over: 

No  premium  awarded  for 27  39 

No  added  money  awarded  in  stakes 27  39 

How  entrance  money  is  applied 27  39 

Weights  and  Weighing: 

Weight  required 48  43 

When  and  by  whom  to  be  weighed  ..., 49  44 

Penalty  for  light  weight 49, 50  44 

In  case  of  accidents 49  44 

In  matches  and  handicaps 50  44 

When  overweight 51  44 

To  be  ascertained  before  announcing  heat ....  G4  48 

Whips  : 

Length  allowed 52  45 

Penalty  for  violation  of  rule 52  45 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

IiEADING    FBO&ENITOBS    OF    SPEED. 


87 


The  following-  table  indicates  the  number  of  the  2:30 
performers,  number  of  performers  sired  by  sons  and 
the  number  produced  by  the  daughters  of  the  different 
sires  mentioned  at  the  close  of  1903: 


4-> 

wd 

■o 

S->  0) 

0) 

0)  O 

s^ 

¥■ 

II 

m 
m 

(M 

ri  ft 

o 

Q 

m 

Aberdeen,   by    Hambletonian 52  136 

Administrator  2:291/^,  by  Hambletonian  16  50 

Adrian  Wilkes,   by  Geo.   Wilkes  2:22...  59  44 

Alcantara   2:23,   by  Geo.  Wilkes   2:22..  154  249 

Alcyone  2:27,  by  Geo.   Wilkes   2:22 59  379 

Allerton  2:09%,  by  Jay  Bird  2:31% 117  14 

Almont,    by   Alexander    Abdallah 37  587 

Almont    2 :29,    by   Almont 22  49 

Almont  2:26,   by  Almont 47  10 

Altamont,    by    Almont 50  29 

Ambassador  2 :21i/^, by  Geo.  Wilkes  2:22  69  62 

Anteeo    2:16%,    by   Electioneer 51  58 

Ashland  Wilkes  2:17 14,  by  Red  Wilkes 

2:40    87  37 

Axtell  2:12,   by  William   L 85  38 

Baron    Wilkes    2:18,    by     Geo.     Wilkes 

2:22    110  202 

Bashaw,    by  Black   Hawk 17  64 

Belmont,    by   Alexander's   Abdallah,...  59  652 

Blue  Bull,   by  Blue  Bull 60  137 

Bourbon  Wilkes,  by  Geo.  Wilkes  2:22.  97  129 

Brown  Hal   2:12i/2,    by   Tom    Hal 59  73 

Brown  Wilkes   2:21%,   by  Geo.    Wilkes 

2;22     51  29 

C.  F.  Clay  '2:lV,  'by 'calibana!  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  60  24 

Chimes    2:30%,    by   Electioneer 76  31 

Delmarch  2:111^,  by  Hambrino  2:21%  . .  50  4 

Dexter  Prince,   by  Kentucky  Prince...  611  16 

Dictator,    by    Hambletonian.  •. 59  292 

Direct  2:05i^,  by  Director  2:17 54  2 

Director   2:17,    by  Dictator 58  134 

Edward  Everett,   by   Hambletonian....  13  118 

Eg-bert,    by    Hambletonian 85  118 

Egmont,    by    Belmont 42  52 

Egotist   2:22yc,    by   Electioneer 47  72 

Electioneer,    by    Hambletonian 169  1,129 

Electrite  2:28%,   by  Electioneer 54  1 

Elyria  2:25%,  by  Mambrino  King- 74  6 

Gambetta     Wilkes      2:19%,      by      Geo. 

Wilkes    141  154 

Gen.  Washington,  by  Gen.  Knox  2:31%  15  69 


51 

63 

26 

65 

50 

6 

133 

23 

58 

6 

23 

17 


17 

41 
42 
120 
170 
31 
12 


21 

19 

1 

9 

109 

41 

18 

60 

24 

5 

121 

9 

1 

30 
20 


»»  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

Geo.   Wilkes   2:22,   by  Hambletonian .  .  .      83    2,645        179 
Gov.    Sprague  2:20%,  by  Rhode   Island 

2:23     38 

Guy  Wilkes  2:15 14,  by  Geo.  Wilkes  2:22     83 

Hambletonian,    by    Abdallah 40. 

Hambrino  2:21%,  by  Edward  Everett..      48 
Happy  Medium   2:32,   by  Hambletonian     94 

Harold,   by  Hambletonian 45 

Jay  Bird  2:31%,  by  Geo.   Wilkes   2:22.      96 
Jay  Gould   2:21%,   by  Hambletonian...      29 

Kentucky   Prince,    by   Clark  Chief 41 

Lord   Russell,    by   Harold 32 

Louis    Napoleon,    by   Volunteer 31 

McKinney  2:11%,   by  Alcyone  2:27 57 

Magna  Charta  2:33%,  by  Morgan  Eagle       5 
Mambrino    Chief,     by    Mambrino    Pay- 
master            6 

Mambrino   King,   by  Mambrino  Patchen     69 
Mambrino  Pilot,   by  Mambrino  Chief.  .  .     9 
Mambrino  Patchen,  by  Mambrino  Chief     25 
Mambrino  Russell,  by  Woodford  Mam- 
brino  2:21%    17 

Masterlode,    by   Hambletonian 28 

Messenger   Duroc,   by  Hambletonian...      22 

Nelson  2:09,  by  Tom  Rolfe  2:33% 51 

Norval    2:14%,   by   Electioneer 86 

Nutwood  2:18%,  by  Belmont 169 

Onward  2:25 14,  by  George  Wilkes   2:22.   178 
Pancoast    2: 21 14,    by    Woodford    Mam- 
brino   2:21%    25 

Pilot  Medium,  by  Happy  Medium  2:32.    122 
Pocahontas    Boy    2:31,    by    Tom    Rolfe 

2:33%     21 

Princeps,       by      Woodford      Mambrino 

2:21%     57 

Quartermaster,    by  Alcyone  2:27 58 

Red    Wilkes    2:40,     by     George    Wilkes 

2:22    166 

Robert  McGregor  2:17%,  by  Major  Ed- 

sall    101 

St.    Bel,    by   Electioneer 56 

Santa  Claus  2:17%,  by  Strathmore 22 

Sidney   2:191^,   by   Santa  Claus  2:17%.'  100 
Simmons  2:28,   by  George  Wilkes  2:22.    119 

Sphinx    2:2014,    by    Electioneer 94 

Steinway    2:25%,    by    Strathmore 37 

Strathmore,    by    Hambletonian 89 

Sultan  2:24,  by  The  Moore   2:37 52 

The  Moor  2:3  7,   by  Clay  Pilot 6 

Tom  Hal  Jr.,  by  Tom  Hal   (Kittrell's) .      16 

Victor  Bismark,   by    Hambletonian 31 

Wedgewood    2:19,    ^y    Belmont 36 

Wilkes   Boy    2:24%,   by   George   Wilkes 

2:22    79 

William  L.,  by  George  Wilkes  2:22 10 

Wilton  2:19%,  by  George  Wilkes  2:22.    117 


97 

57 

154 

39 

1,707 

117 

143 

68 

391 

116 

265 

108 

239 

40 

53 

78 

163 

95 

84 

19 

158 

61 

7 

3 

1 

57 

96 

24 

150 

85 

51 

20 

198 

152 

106 

30 

49 

38 

113 

73 

16 

6 

53 

10 

835 

222 

554 

126 

152 

24 

45 

40 

53 

27 

196 

73 

5 

1 

576 

156 

178 

96 

29 

5 

114 

10 

64 

17 

104 

25 

20 

6 

53 

24 

154 

'348 

110 

44 

63 

26 

96 

17 

92 

23 

69 

29 

90 

29 

125 

21 

48 

24 

THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  89 

Woodford   Mambrino   2:21%,   by    Mam- 

brino   Chief    13        168  43 

Younff  Jim,  by  George  Wilkes  2:22 46  63  48 

Young-    Rolfe     2:21i/4,     by     Tom     Rolfe 

2:33i/o     9  58  8 

To  show  the  leading-  sires  at  a  glance,  either  as  sires 
of  speed  performers  themselves  or  through  their  sons 
and  daughters,  the  following  table  will  be  interesting: 

Sires  of  2:30  performers: 

Onward     178  Simmons    119 

Nutwood    169  Allerton    117 

Red   Wilkes ..166  Wilton    117 

Electioneer    160  Baron   Wilkes 110 

Alcantara    154  Sidney    100 

Gambetta   Wilkes 144  Robert   McGregor 101 

Pilot  Medium   122 

2:30  performers  sired  by  sons: 

George  Wilkes   2,645      Onward    554 

Hambletonian  1,707     Happy    Medium 391 

Electioneer 1,129      Alcyone    379 

Nutwood    885      Dictator     292 

Belmont    652      Harold .  .    265 

Almont   587      Jay  Bird   239 

Red  Wilkes    576 

2:30  performers  out  of  daughters: 

Nutwood     122      Bashaw    120 

George    Wilkes 179     Electioneer    121 

Blue  Bull   170      Happy   Medium 116 

Red   Wilkes 156      Dictator   109 

Mambrino    Patchen....  152     Harold    108 

Almont    133     Robert   McGregor 96 

Onward    12  6 

FAST    MILE    BY    QUARTEES. 

TROTTING—  FASTEST  MILES 

%  H  H  mile. 

Lou  Dillon,  (mare) 30  59^4  l-.'^Vz  1:58}^ 

Maj.  Delmar,  (gelding) 30  1:00  1:39?^  1:592£ 

Time  by  quarters: 

Lou  Dillon 30  'zQVz  29  30 

Major    Dehnar 30  30  29%  29% 

PACING— THREE  FASTEST  MILES. 

34  ?6  ^  mile. 

Dan  Patch,  (stallion) 29  58  l:27i4  1:5634 

Prince  Alert    (gelding) 2934  '58  1:2634  1:57 

Dariel,  (mare) 291/2  5936  1:29  2:C03^ 

Time  by  quarters: 

Dan.Patch 29  29  2934       29 

Prince  Alert 2934  282^       2834       30?i 

Dariel 29H  30  291/2       3i34 


90  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

FASTEST     MILE     TO     WAGON. 

Dan  Patch,  (pacer) 291/2       58y,       i:28  l:57J^ 

Lou  Dillon,  (trotter) 2914       59)i    1:291/2  2:00 

Time  by  quarters: 

Dan  Patch 291,2       29  29^       2914 

Lou  Dillon, 291/2        29>6        SDH        30iii 

HALF     MILE     PACING     TO     SULKEY. 

Dan  Patch,  (pacer) 28J6       56  

HALF     MILE     TROTTING     TO     WAGON. 

Lou  Dillon,  (trotter) 27«       581/2        

TROTTING     TEAM     TO     WAGON. 

The  Monk  and  Equity 3214    l:Oi       1:36       2:08 

MILE  PACING— HALF  MILE  TRACK. 

Dan  Patch 30>6     1:01        1:8214    2:03 

MILE  TROTTING— HALF  MILE  TRACK. 

Cresceus 32        1:04        l:36i/2    2:08M 

MILE  TROTTING  TO  HIGH  WHEEL  SULKY. 
Lou  Dillon 3234    1:04        1:35        2:05 


SHAKESPEARE'S  IDEAL  HORSE. 

In  the  beautiful  poem  of  "Venus  and  Adonis,"  writ- 
ten about  1590,  William  Shakespeare  thus  described 
his  ideal  of  a  perfect  horse — the  horse  of  Adonis: 
Look,  when  a  painter  would  surpass  the  life 

In  limning  out  a  well-proportion'd  steed. 
His  art  with  nature's  workmanship  at  strife, 

As   if  the  dead   the   living  should  exceed; 
So   did   this   horse   excel   a  common  one 
In  shape,   in  courage,   color,   pace   and  bone. 

Round-hoof'd,   short-jointed,  fetlocks  shag  and  long, 
Broad  breast,  full  eye,   small  head  and  nostril  wide. 

High  crest,  short  ears,  straight  legs  and  passing  strong. 
Thin  mane,   thick   tail,   broad  buttock,   tender  hide; 

Look,   what  a  horse  should  have  he   did  not  lack, 

Save  a   proud   rider  on  so  proud  a   back. 

Sometimes   he  scuds  far  off,   and  there  he   stares; 

Anon  he  starts  at  stirring  of  a  feather; 
To   bid   the  wind  a  base  he  now  prepares. 

And  when   he  run  or  fly  they  know  not  whether; 
For  through  his  mane  and   tail   the  high  wind  sings, 
Fanning  the  hairs,  who  wave  like  feather'd  wings. 


THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK.  91 


CHAPTER  V. 


CARE  OF  THE  FEET— BOOTING  AND  SHOEING. 

The  oft  repeated  phrase  "no  foot,  no  horse"  has  so 
much  of  truth  in  it  that  we  cannot  refrain  from  giving 
a  chapter  on  this  important  subject,  despite  the  fact 
that  many  valuable  hints  have  been  given  on  the 
subject  in  the  chapters  preceding  this. 

F.  J.  Berry,  a  life  long  horseman,  has  this  to  say  on 
the  subject: 

The  proper  shoeing  of  horses  is  very  important. 
There  have  been  many  articles  written  about  black- 
smiths tucking  ^orses  feet  in  shoeing,  and  one  would 
think  by  the  many  articles  written  that  blacksmiths 
are  the  most  ignorant  class  of  people,  and  not  in 
any  way  master  of  the  business^  and  in  some  cases 
this  may  be  true  as  we  think  there  are  quite  a  good 
many  bunglers  at  the  business,  but  we  think  this  rule 
does  not  apply  in  general.  To  the  contrary  we  think 
the  average  blacksmith  who  has  had  many  years 
experience  in  the  shoeing  of  horses  becomes  famliiar 
with  all  the  requirements  of  the  shoe  in  protecting 
the  horse's  foot,  and  should  know  far  more  about  the 
subject  than  many  writers  setting  down  to  write,  or 
the  person  who  has  had  no  experience  whatever  but 
has  merely  heard  it  said  that  blacksmiths  ruin  horses' 
feet,  starting  out  by  writing  several  columns  advanc- 
ing their  own  ideas  and  a  theory  of  hearsay  not 
that  which  is  based  on  experience  and  scientific  prin- 
ciples. 

We  have  had  many  years'  experience  in  raising, 
training,  handling  as  dealers  of  all  classes  of  horses 
and  have  made  it  a  practice,  when  having  fine  horses 
shod,  to  go  with  the  horses  to  the  shop  and  tell  the 


92  THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

smith  what  is  wanted,  and  when  the  old  shoe  is 
removed  from  the  foot  see  that  the  crest  is  pared 
perfectly  level  with  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  that 
the  frog  is  not  touched  at  all,  neither  the  sole  in  an 
average  case,  and  that  the  crest  is  brought  down  on 
a  level  with  the  sole  and  is  made  perfectly  level  from 
toe  to  heelj  and  both  inside  and  outside  of  the  hoof 
the  same  height.  Then  see  that  the  shoe  is  fitted 
to  the  foot  and  as  light  in  weight  as  the  horse  can 
wear  and  be  properly  balanced,  when  the  shoe  is 
perfectly  level  it  will  lie  on  the  horse's  foot  perfectly 
tight  on  the  outside  edge  and  all  the  way  around. 

We  never  allow  the  hot  shoe  to  lie  on  the  hoof  to 
burn  it,  but  bevel  the  shoe  inside  of  the  nail  holes  so 
it  will  not  touch  the  sole  of  the  foot  thus  giving  it 
bearing  equally  all  the  way  around  outside  of  the 
nail  holes,  except  the  inside  quarter  at  the  heel,  this 
we  give  a  light  bearing;  this  in  all  cases  being  the 
thinnest  part  of  the  hoof  and  should  be  protected 
as  much  as  possible.  If  the  heel  of  the  shoe  should  lie 
hard  on  the  inside  quarter  of  the  foot  it  would  very 
likely  bruise  the  heel  and  cause  corns,  which  would 
have  ruinous  effect  upon  the  horse's  foot. 

In  all  cases  allow  ihe  frog  to  come  down  to  the 
ground  to  take  a  frog  bearing  at  every  step  if  pos- 
sible and  carry  its  part  of  the  weight. 

As  long  as  a  good  healthy  frog  can  be  kept  to  do 
its  work  in  this  matter  there  will  be  no  contracted 
heels  or  pinched  feet,  and  as  long  as  the  shoe  is  set 
with  care,  as  above  described,  the  horse  will  never 
have  any  corns  or  sore  feet. 

While  watching  the  smith  and  giving  him  our  ideas, 
we  have  learned  from  him  many  things  of  interest 
which  have  proved  benefical  to  us. 

One  of  the  most  intelligent  smiths  we  have  ever 
met,  and  one  who  comes  as  near  doing  a  perfect  job 
as  a  shoer,  said  to  us  he  had  made  the  horse's  foot 
a  study  for  many  years  and  we  believe  this  agrees 
with  the  old  maxim  that  "practice  makes  perfect." 

In  all  cases  keep  the  horse's  feet  moist;  clay  floors 
or  gravel  floors  in  stalls  are  preferable.     Keep  the 


THE    HORSBMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  93 

horse's  feet  packed  at  night  with  oil  meal  made  of 
half  wheat  bran  mixed  with  water;  let  the  horse  go 
out  in  the  dewy  grass,  if  possible,  if  not,  and  the 
horse  is  stabled  a  good  deal  where  he  cannot  get 
the  moisture,  use  swabs  on  his  feet  made  of  felt,  dip 
in  water  and  buckle  around  the  cornet  joints,  thus 
keeeping  the  hair  wet  where  the  horn  grows  out, 
making  the  hoof,  when  kept  moist  and  soft,  grow  in 
a  healthy  condition. 

If  the  horse  is  used  through  the  day  wash  the  feet 
in  all  cases  on  coming  in  and  put  on  the  wet  swabs 
over  night  again. 

Now  if  the  horse's  feet  have  been  neglected  and 
allowed  to  dry  up,  causing  the  growth  of  the  horn  to 
stop,  feet  to  contract  as  they  always  will  when  not 
kept  moist,  in  a  growthy,  healthy  condition,  and  per- 
haps being  badly  shod,  corns  in  the  feet,  thus  nearly 
ruined  as  you  will  find  this  to  be  the  case  with  the 
large  portion  of  horses  stabled  for  a  number  of  years, 
having  only  ordinary  or  but  little  care;  or  have  stood 
in  idleness  on  dry  hard  floors  until  the  feet  have 
become  dry  and  hard  like  flint;  in  these  cases  the 
horse  must  be  shod  properly,  giving  the  right  bear- 
ing, corns  must  be  trimmed  out  and  that  portion  of 
the  foot  eased  from  the  pressure;  the  feet  soaked  in 
cold  water  one-half  hour  each  day,  never  using  any 
hot  water,  as  hot  water  kills  the  life  of  the  horn, 
making  it  harder  instead  of  softening  it;  for  instance, 
put  a  piece  of  horn  in  hot  water,  lay  it  out  in  the 
sun,  it  will  become  hard  and  dry,  breaking  almost  as 
glass.  Thus  hot  water  should  never  be  used  on  a 
horse's  foot,  although  tepid  as  has  been  set  in  the 
sun  about  the  temperature  of  the  air,  would  be  pre- 
ferable. Rain  water  is  much  the  best  as  it  is  soft, 
having  no  lime,  like  the  lake  or  well  water,  and  has 
much  better  effect  on  the  foot.  A  soap  poultice  can 
be  used  with  the  best  result.  A  half  pint. of  soft 
soap,  or  bar  soap  can  be  used,  to  about  one  quart  of 
water,  thickening  with  wheat  bran  until  just  hard 
enough  for  a  poultice.  Stand  the  horse's  foot  in  the 
center  of  a  rubrag,  place  the  poultice  all  around  the 


94  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

hoof  at  the  edge  of  the  hair  from  an  inch  to  one 
and  a  half  thick,  bring  the  rubrag  up  over  it,  winding 
outside  the  rubrag  with  strips  of  cloth  until  secured 
on  the  foot  and  made  thick  with  cloths  outside  the 
poultice,  keeping  the  poultice  from  drying  and  giving 
the  desired  effect  of  softening  the  flesh  at  the  edge  of 
the  hair  causing  the  hoof  to  grow.  Thus  keeping  up 
the  treatment  of  poulticing  and  soaking  until  the 
front  feet  are  about  grown  with  new  hoofs. 

The  horse  can  be  worked  every  day,  if  necessary 
while  going  through  the  process,  but  if  not  used 
might  improve  faster,  but  the  grain  or  feed  must  be 
reduced  as  fed  high  upon  grain  and  not  working 
would  have  a  tendency  to  increase  the  fever  in  the 
feet,  therefore  it  would  be  as  well  to  take  away  the 
grain,  and  feed  with  good  hay  and  bran  mash  occas- 
ionally while  remaining  idle. 

This  treatment  of  course  is  for  the  front  feet,  as 
the  hind  feet  will  always  take  care  of  themselves  and 
the  horse  never  gets  lame  from  corns  or  contractions 
of  the  hind  feet. 

All  horses  should  be  shod  every  three  or  four  weeks 
and  the  shoe  should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  longer 
without  resetting,  and  cannot  without  injury  to  the 
feet. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  in  shoeing  speedy 
horses,  to  have  the  norse  rightly  balanced,  to  make 
the  action  true  and  even.  Horses  inclined  to  be  a 
little  double  or  mixed  gaited  require  more  weight 
upon  the  front  feet;  the  usual  and  better  way  to  do 
this  is  to  balance  the  horse  with  toe  weights  and 
this  must  be  used  according  to  the  judgment  of  the 
driver  and  gradually  worked  off  as  the  horse  becomes 
more  pure  gaited.  All  horses  should  be  made  to  go 
as  light  as  possible,  and  as  they  make  speed  it  takes 
less  weight  to  balance  them.  If  a  horse  is  obliged 
to  carry  heavy  shoes  in  front  and  it  is  desired  to 
reduce  them,  let  the  horse  wear  the  shoes  until  well 
worn  and  then  replace  by  new  shoes,  the  weight  of 
the  ones  taken  off,  in  this  way  the  horse's  shoes  can 
be  reduced  to  any  weight  desired  without  throwing 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  95 

the  horse  out  of  balance.  In  all  cases  where  it  can 
be  done  the  front  shoe  should  not  weigh  more  than 
eight  ounces  each,  and  the  hind  shoe  six  ounces  each, 
even  lighter  than  this  would  be  better,  provided  the 
horse  worked  right  and  still  proved  to  be  properly 
balanced.  Some  horses  trot  much  faster  with  long 
toes,  while  others  with  about  the  same  kind  of  a  gait, 
go  much  better  with  toes  short.  All  these  things  are 
a  matter  of  judgment,  and  learned  through  close  ob- 
servation and  practice.  If  a  horse  has  to  wear  toe 
weights  reduce  them  as  he  makes  speed  and  becomes 
pure  gaited  until  they  can  be  taken  entirely  off,  if 
possible,  as  the  lighter  the  horse  can  go  the  more 
speed  the  will  make  and  the  more  heats  he  can  go 
without  tiring;  this  is  one  of  the  most  essential 
points  in  a  race-horse,  and  upon  his  racing  qualities 
depends  his  value  more  than  upon  his  speed. 

MR.    BONNER'S   VIEWS. 

Probably  no  man  living  has  given  the  question  of 
shoeing  and  the  horse's  foot  as  much  study  as  Robert 
Bonner,  and  his  views  on  the  subject  as  given  by  a 
New  York  Herald  reporter  and  reprinted  below,  must 
be  of  interest.    Said  the  owner  of  Maud  S.  and  Sunol: 

In  the  first  place,  the  great  secret  of  succesful  shoe- 
ing is — keep  the  foot  level.  A  true  hoof  usually  a 
sound  hoof,  and  this  simple  rule  is  universally 
ignored.  Keep  the  foot  levels  there  is  the  condensed 
lore  of  a  hundred  veterinary  colleges  in  that  sentence. 

Now,  as  to  the  dreaded  navicular  disease.  No  man 
can  tell,  or  ever  will  be  able  to  tell,  whether  a  horse 
has  navicular  disease  or  not,  unless  he  dissects  the 
foot.  Fully  two-thirds  of  the  alleged  navicular 
diseases  are  merely  sufferings  caused  by  improper 
shoeing.  Why,  when  Dr.  Lewis  A.  Sayre  brought  his 
handsome  mare,  Fanny  Miller,  to  me  she  had  been 
lame  for  months.  I  examined  her,  drove  her  to  the 
blacksmith's  and  had  her  shoes  taken  off,  her  hoof 
trimmed  and  the  shoes  reset.  The  mare  was  all  right 
immediately  and  has  never  taken  a  lame  step  since, 
yet   before    that   one   of   the    most   prominent  veter- 


96  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

inarians  in  the  city  advised  Dr.  Sayre  to  get  rid  of 
her,  as  he  said  she  would  never  be  well  again. 

There's  another  point  upon  which  the  veterinary 
authorities  unanimously  agree,  and  upon  which  they 
are  entirely  all  wrong. 

That's  a  sweeping  statement^  isn't  it?  But  it  is 
truth  itself. 

Prof.  Williams,  even,  the  British  text  book  writer, 
errs  with  the  rest  when  he  says  that  if  you  raise  the 
heels  of  a  horse's  shoes  you  raise  the  animal's  ankle 
and  if  you  raise  the  toe  you  depress  the  ankle.  I've 
proved  that  it's  wrong  over  and  over  again.  Anyone 
reading  this  theory  would  think  it  reasonably  and 
apparently  correct,  but  when  you  get  the  bones  of  a 
horse's  leg,  from  the  knee  down,  and  test  the 'theory 
you  will  see  at  once  that  it  is  and  must  be  fallacious 
from  the  conformation  of  the  horse  s  bones.  There- 
fore, when  you  raise  the  heel  you  depress  the  ankle 
and  when  you  raise  the  toe  you  raise  the  ankle  also, 
all  the  colleges  and  gilded  faculties  in  the  world  not- 
withstanding. , 

About  spavin?  Well,  here's  my  opinion  regarding 
it.  It's  far  too  common,  and  is  brought  about  by  the 
cruel  and  gross  neglect  on  the  part  of  the  people 
whose  duty  it  is  to  look  after  horses.  It  is  absolutely 
impossible — absolutely  impossible — for  a  horse  to 
throw  out  a  spavin  unless  he  is  too  long  in  the  toe. 
The  preventation,  therefore,  is  the  easiest  of  matters. 

A  general  misconception  is  the  popular  impression 
that  a  running  or  trotting  horse  lands  on  the  ground 
flat  footed.  This  should  be  corrected,  for  a  man 
should  know  exactly  how  the  foot  works.  In  both 
running  and  trotting,  as  the  foot  lands,  first  the  heel 
strikes  the  ground,  then  the  toe — two  distinct  mo- 
tions, and  so  wonderfully  quick  that  the  foot  seems 
to  land  flat. 

I  repeat  and  emphasize  the  point — keep  the  feet 
level.  For  instance,  strained  tendons  are  most  com- 
mon, and  the  horse  is  oblged  to  limp,  the  pain  is  so 
great,  and  there  can  be  no  pleasure  in  riding  or  driv- 
ing a  horse  that  is  suffering  at  every  step  he  takes. 


THE    HORSEMAM^S    HANDBOOK.  97 

The  most  common  cause  of  distress  is  the  fact  of  one 
side  of  the  shoe  being  higher  than  the  other.  This 
strains  the  sesamolidal  ligament  on  the  low  side.  The 
average  veterinaries  will  bathe  and  blister  for  this. 
The  absurdity  of  this  is  evident  for  until  the  strain 
is  removed  from  that  ligament,  all  the  bathing  and 
blistering  in  the  world  won't  cure. 

Yes,  as  you  say,  many  people  want  to  know  how  a 
saddle  horse  should  be  shod.  Use  a  smooth  shoe  on 
him,  one  without  calks.  Have  the  foot  leveled  prop- 
erly,-and  do  not  go  ot  any  pace  except  a  walk  on  paved 
streets;  when  on  mother  earth  then  it's  time  enough 
to  extend  j^our  steed. 

A  horse  sHould  have  its  weight  evenly  suspended, 
and  none  of  the  sole  should  touch  the  ground.  The 
footh  is  elastic  and  contracts  and  expands,  the  frog 
being  especially  porous  and  elastic.  Anything  that 
tends  to  bind  the  foot  is  undesirable.  The  trouble 
is,  very  few  blacksmiths  understand  the  conformation 
and  structure  of  the  horse's  foot^  and  how  can  they 
fit  a  shoe  under  such  circumstances.  He  tries  to  shoe 
all  horses  exactly  alike  and  makes  no  allowances  for 
differences  of  conformation,  which,  though  of  the 
highest  importance,  are  by  him  regarded  as  unworthy 
of  notice. 

In  the  chapter  in  the  handling  of  colts  and  the  one 
on  training,  additional  valuable  information  on  this 
subject  will  be  found. 


98  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 


CHAPTEK  VI. 


GAITING  AND  BALANCING. 

(Paper  read  before  the  members  of  the  Chicago 
Veterinary  Society  by  O.  E.  Dyson,  M.  D.  C,  Chief 
Inspector,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  U.  S.  Y.,  Chi- 
cag.) 

My  object  in  presenting  the  subject  of  shoeing, 
and  incidentally  that  of  gaiting  and  balancing  fast 
trotters,  pacers  and  ordinary  road  horses,  is  to  remind 
the  members  of  this  association  that  an  important 
branch  of  the  profession  has  been  neglected  to  such 
an  extent  in  the  past  that  the  owner  of  a  knee-knock- 
ing, forging,  interfering  or  scalping  horse  seldom  ap- 
peals to  the  veterinarian  for  assistance.  Lucrative 
fees  are  thereby  overlooked,  and  the  horse,  perhaps  a 
prize,  or  at  least  a  serviceable  animal,  is  sacrificed, 
or  even  worse,  allowed  to  pass  from  good  hands  to  a 
cheap  owner,  whose  only  object  is  to  pound  so  much 
work  out  of  every  horse,  regardless  of  the  pain  and 
torture  endured.  From  a  humanitarian  standpoint 
the  veterinarian  should  at  least  have  a  knowledge  of 
the  art  of  shoeing  for  the  purpose  of  correcting  or 
overcoming  faulty  gaits,  rather  than  leaving  the  ani- 
mal to  the  tender  mercies  of  the  blacksmith,  who, 
nine  times  out  of  ten,  is  only  interested  to  the  extent 
of  the  price  of  shoeing. 

The  natural  gaits  of  a  horse  are  the  walk,  trot,  pace 
and  gallop.  Without  attempting  to  describe  the 
acquired  or  saddle  gaits,  the  running-walk,  fox-trot, 
single-foot  and  canter  may  be  referred  to  as  accom- 
plishments and  the  result  of  education. 

Imperfections  in  the  above-mentioned  gaits  are  due 
to  many  natural  causes,  such  as  lack  of  education, 
faulty  conformation  or  abnormalities  and  from  ac- 


THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK.  99 

quired  causes,  such  as  improper  temperament,  exces- 
sive or  non-development  of  certain  voluntary  muscles 
involved  in  the  act  of  locomotion,  or  they  may  be  due 
to  ignorance  of  the  owner  or  blacksmith  as  to  the 
adaptability  of  the  animal  and  the  proper  method  of 
shoeing  for  the  purpose  intended. 

While  not  posing  as  an  authority  on  shoeing,  I 
have  as  the  result  of  my  observation  and  experience 
during  the  past  twenty  years  associated  a  few  facts 
in  regard  to  the  development  of  speed,  with  the  art 
of  horseshoeing,  or  what  might  properly  be  termed 
the  art  of  shoeing  and  the  phenomena  of  speed  devel- 
opment. 

The  first  principle  necessary  to  observe  with  the 
object  of  having  a  perfectly  gaited  horse,  is  to  study 
the  individual  and  associate  such  facts  as  regards  con- 
formation and  general  makeup,  with  his  way  of  going 
as  ordinarily  shod,  at  a  clip  which  is  intended  to  be 
utilized.  The  next  step  to  be  considered,  and  the  one 
which  should  govern  the  proper  method  of  shoeing, 
is  the  horse's  temperament.  The  hores  should  always 
be  shod  according  to  the  dimensions  of  his  mental 
caliber. 

Shoeing  cannot  in  all  instances,  however,  be  made 
a  panacea  for  correcting  faulty  gaits  of  horses.  In- 
telligent bitting  and  driving  must  not  be  over  looked, 
especially  if  the  animal  is  of  a  high-strung  nervous 
temperament,  and  in  some  instances,  owing  to  a  lack 
of  mental  co-ordination,  the  desired  result  cannot 
be  accomplished  by  either  shoeing  or  bitting.  Resort 
must  then  be  made  to  mechanical  means,  by  use  of 
hopples. 

Bits  and  checks  may  also  be  included  among  the 
mechanical  means  of  gaiting  and  balancing  horses, 
and  frequently  take  the  place  of  considerable  weight 
which  would  otherwise  be  necessary  to  add  to  or  take 
from  the  shoe,  in  order  to  accomplish  the  purpose. 

A  good  driver  should,  through  the  agency  of  bit 
and  rein,  be  able  to  transmit  motor  impulses  originat- 
ing in  his  own  brain  to  the  horse.  A  poor  driver,  on 
the  other  hand,  is  not  only  unable  to  transmit  such 
impulse,  but  constantly  interrupts  the  natural  motor 
impulses  originating  in  the  brain  of  the  horse,  thereby 


100  THE    HOESEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

frequently  causing  a  good-gaited  horse  to  become 
addicted  to  the  habit  of  inco-ordination,  with  its  at- 
tending results.  You  have  all  no  doubt  witnessed  the 
disastrous  results  of  placing  a  good-gaited  horse  in 
a  poor  driver's  hands. 

Interfering  is  probaly  the  most  constant  source  of 
annoyance.  In  front  it  is  usually  due  to  faulty  con- 
formation, involving  the  chest  or  forequarter.  The 
thoroughbred  type  may  be  cited  as  confirmed  inter- 
ferers,  geldings,  owing  to  early  castration,  being  par- 
ticularly pre-disposed.  With  this  type  of  a  horse 
interfering  is  usually  due  directly  to  the  fact  that 
he  is  narrow  chested,  and  good  action  is  seldom  asso- 
ciated with  this  type,  as  a  large  majority  are  stiff- 
kneed,  owing  to  a  lack  of  natural  muscular  develop- 
ment. Contrast  the  above  type  with  that  of  a  stag 
or  stallion  and  note  the  difference  in  conformation, 
style  and  action. 

Calf-kneed  horses,  unless  heavy  in  the  chest,  with 
legs  set  well  apart,  are  apt  to  be  troublesome.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  horses  with  straight  pasterns. 
Low  headed  and  sluggish  horses  might  also  be  placed 
in  this  class.  Horses  that  toe  out  are  notorious,  and 
can  invariably  be  placed  in  the  interfering  and  knee- 
knocking  class,  unless  they  happen  to  be  of  a  draft 
horse  type,  with  legs  set  well  apart.  Pacers  seem  to 
be  particularly  prone  to  this  malformation,  and  a  pair 
of  knee-boots  must  accompany  every  trotter  or  pacer 
that  possesses  a  three-minute  clip,  if  he  stands  toed 
out.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  added  that  pigeon- 
toed  horses  never  interfere  or  hit  their  knees. 

Interfering  behind  is  so  common  that  no  class  or 
type  of  horse  can  be  excepted,  as  the  fault  arises  from 
causes  too  numerous  to  mention.  First  of  all,  narrow, 
drooping-hipped,  low-going  trotters  are  the  worst 
offenders.  On  the  contrary,  pacers  seldom  if  ever  in- 
terfere, except  in  walking  or  going  slow.  Green 
horses  are  apt  to  interfere  during  the  first  six  months 
of  their  city  life,  as  it  requires  at  least  a  period  of 
that  length  to  overcome  such  predisposing  causes  as 
walking  in  a  narrow  furrow  during  the  early  spring 
work  on  the  farm,  and  later  in  the  season  perhaps 
doing  more  or  less  travel  over  country  roads,  where 


THE    HOESEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK.  101 

a  wide-gaited  horse  finds  it  very  tiresome  to  cover  a 
distance  of  a  few  miles  with  one  foot  in  a  rut  and  the 
other  upon  a  ridge. 

In  substantiation  of  the  theories  expressed  regard- 
ing the  farm  horse,  it  may  be  said  that  trotting-bred 
colts,  notwithstanding  manifest  predisposition  owing 
to  conformation,  seldom  interfere  after  a  season's 
work  at  the  track,  owing  entirely  to  a  uniform  devel- 
opment of  their  muscular  system,  and  an  intelligent 
method  of  shoeing  with  an  object  of  overcoming  such 
defects,  whether  natural  or  acquired. 

Knee-knockers  may  ordinarily  be  placed  in  two  dis- 
tinct classes.  First  the  high-going  hores  that  toes  out, 
and  second,  the  low-going  narrow-chested  trotter  or 
pacer  with  speed.  Beware  of  the  latter^  as  he  will 
also,  in  all  probability,  interfere  when  going  slow. 

Forging,  scalping  and  shin-hitting  are  the  direct 
causes  of  hitching  behind,  and  can  usually  be  asso- 
ciated with  trotters,  owing  to  their  inability  to  prop- 
erly extend  themselves  in  front.  This  condition 
applies  particularly  to  a  class  of  horses  with  extensor 
flexor  muscles  equally  developed  behind,  and  compar- 
atively high,  full  action,  straight  or  othewise,  in  con- 
trast to  a  dwelling,  forward  movement  of  the  fore 
feet,  complicated  by  a  lateral  twisting  or  turning  of 
the  foot,  or  leg,  either  in  or  out,  due  to  nondevelop- 
ment  of  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  anterior  limb. 
Line-pacers  will  frequently  brush  their  hind  coronet 
hard  enough  to  cause  them  to  hitch  or  roll  in  their 
efforts  to  avoid  the  contact,  which  seriously  inter- 
feres with  the  development  of  speed. 

Horses  that  carry  a  high  head  on  account  of  tender 
mouths  are  frequently  addicted  to  the  habit  of  inter- 
fering with  the  coronary  band  behind,  owing  to  the 
fact  their  attention  is  concentrated  on  the  mouth. 
Here  it  is  plain  to  be  seen  that  the  reflex  motor  im- 
pulses in  excess  cause  a  high  free  action  in  front  at 
the  expense  of  their  hind  action.  When  proper  bitting 
fails  in  such  cases  it  is  often  necessary  to  use  a  shoe 
much  heavier  behind  than  in  front,  in  order  to  over- 
come or  counterbalance  the  reflected  motor  impulses. 
On  the  other  hand  pullers  and  luggers  are  frequently 
the  result  of  a  lack  of  requisite  amount  of  weight  in 


102  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK, 

the  front  shoes  or  an  excessive  weight  in  the  hind 
shoes  necessary  to  balance  the  brain. 

Hitting  the  elbows  is  due  to  overdevelopment  of  the 
flexor  muscles  and  in  order  to  overcome  the  fault  it 
hase  been  found  necessary  to  develop  the  extensors  by 
use  of  toe-weights.  In  many  instances,  however,  it 
will  be  found  necessary  to  let  the  heels  grow  high  in 
order  to  lessen  the  tension  upon  the  flexor  muscles. 
This  will  to  some  extent  retard  flexion  until  momen- 
tum has  carried  the  body  past  the  center  of  gravity 
or  the  point  where  flexion  ceases  and  extension  begins. 
That  is,  the  object  should  be  to  intercept  the  act  of 
flexion  before  it  is  completed  and  hasten  the  act  of 
extension.  In  case  the  orfender  has  long  toes  it  may  be 
necessary  to  shorten  them  or  to  add  a  small  toe-calk 
to  the  shoe  which  in  many  instances  will  suffice  with- 
out the  addition  of  toe-weights. 

Anticipating  the  question,  "How  is  a  person  to 
know  when  the  horse  is  properly  gaited  and  bal- 
anced?" I  can  only  answer  by  saying  that  it  depends 
entirely  upon  the  judgment  of  the  driver,  or  the  per- 
son superintending  the  shoeing.  Mention  might  be 
made  of  a  few  cardinal  points  however.  For  instance, 
any  man,  unless  he  be  devoid  of  sensation,  may  ob- 
serve when  a  horse  driven  on  a  level  road  gives  him 
the  sensation  of  driving  on  a  down  grade  that  horse 
needs  a  weight  to  develop  his  extension  in  front.  On 
the  other  hand,  should  he  seem  to  be  ascending  or 
climbing  a  grade,  the  reverse  is  true,  and  the  remedy 
would  be  to  lessen  the  weight  in  front  and  increase 
it  behind.  You  should  always  be  able  to  drive  a  well 
balanced  horse  without  a  check,  and  not  experience 
the  sensations  mentioned. 

The  wonderful  speed  attained  by  trotters  and  pacers 
during  the  past  few  years  has,  without  question,  been 
solely  due  to  the  development  of  brain  and  nerve,  of 
which  an  inherited  trotting  or  pacing  instinct  is  a  re- 
sult in  the  progeny  of  developed  sires  and  dams.  In 
proof  of  this  fact  reference  might  be  made  to  the 
thoroughbred,  whose  development  by  contrast  would 
seem  insignificant,  and  may  be  accounted  for  by  the 
fact  that  the  same  system  of  shoeing  and  training 
now  in  vogue  was  in  use  twenty  years  ago,  brain  ana 


THE    HOKSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  103 

nerve  development  having  been  almost  wholly  con- 
fided to  the  jockey  and  trainer  and  the  natural  results 
of  heredity. 

A  normally  developed  brain  and  nervous  system 
will  invariably  reflect  the  physical  condition.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  physical  condition  will  reflect  an  ab- 
normality. Most  of  the  world's  records  in  tests  of 
speed  and  endurance  are  held  by  stallions,  by  mere 
force  of  predominating  vv^ill  power.  "Conditioning  the 
brain"  should  therefor  be  used  in  lieu  of  the  familiar 
term  "legging  him  up,"  as  expressed  by  horsemen 
when  preparing  a  horse  to  carry  his  speed  and  go  the 
route. 

In  shoeing  horses  to  obviate  or  overcome  a  faulty 
conformation  or  gait  it  must  be  remembered  that  in 
the  beginning  of  the  stride  the  foot  leaves  the  ground 
from  the  point  farthest  from  the  median  line  or  cen- 
ter of  gravity,  and  the  greatest  muscular  efforts  in 
flexing  the  limb  from  that  point  are  conflned  to  the 
muscles  farthest  removed.  For  example — in  a  horse 
that  toes  out  the  abductor  muscles  that  assist  in  the 
act  of  flexion  are  highly  developed  in  comparison  with 
the  abductors  involved  in  the  act.  Consequently  the 
foot,  during  its  elevation,  is  in  such  a  position  as  to 
cause  it  to  describe  the  arc  of  a  circle  during  the  act 
of  extension,  thereby  bringing  it  in  contact  with  the 
ankle,  shin  or  knee,  depending  of  course  upon  the 
height  of  flexion.  The  same  is  true  with  a  pigeon- 
toed  horse,  except  that  the  arc  of  the  circle  described 
is  that  of  abduction,  consequently  there  is  never  any 
interference  with  the  opposite  member.  In  either 
case,  however,  there  is  apt  to  be  considerable  inter- 
ference with  the  forward  movement  of  the  hind  foot 
or  leg  while  partly  extended,  and  at  that  time  the  act 
of  forging,  shin  hitting,  scalping  or  grabbing  the 
quarter  occurs  with  trotters.  With  pacers  only  the 
act  of  abduction  of  the  forefoot  causes  any  interfer- 
ence with  the  forward  movement  of  the  opposite  hind 
foot,  the  usual  result  of  which  is  grabbing  the  quar- 
ter or  brushing  the  hind  coronet. 

It  would  be  impossible  to  form  set  rules  for  shoeing 
in  order  to  overcome  defects  in  gait,  either  natural, 
owing  to   conformation,   predisposition  and  tempera- 


104  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

ment,  or  acquired  as  heretofore  mentioned.  A  safe 
rule  to  follow,  however,  is  to  ascertain  the  cause  and 
overcome  it  by  mental  balance  or  physical  develop- 
ment. 

In  this  connection  I  have  no  hesitancy  in  saying 
that  too  much  attention  has  been  given  to  the  foot 
and  apparently  no  notice  taken  by  the  average  horse 
owner  or  blacksmith  of  the  fact  that  a  horse  is  pos- 
sessed of  a  brain,  which  controls  all  volutary  move- 
ments, and  that  too  much  emphasis  cannot  be  placed 
upon  the  fact  that  the  highest  nerve  centers  have 
been  in  the  ordinary  process  of  mechanical  shoeing, 
habitually  subordinated  to  inferior,  or  pedal  extrem- 
ities. 

A  term  which  fully  expressed  my  theory  of  horse 
shoeing  is  "Shoe  for  the  purpose  of  balancing  the 
brain,"  or  in  other  words,  for  the  purpose  of  physical 
development,  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of 
perfect  co-ordination  between  the  brain  and  volun- 
tary muscular  system  involved  in  the  development  of 
a  natural  or  acquired  gait,  rather  than  a  purely 
mechanical  standpoint.  When  you  have  succeeded  in 
doing  this  you  may  depend  upon  the  rest  of  the  ani- 
mal economy  to  work  in  unison,  and  rapid  progress 
can  then  be  made  in  the  development  of  an  ideal 
road  horse  or  of  prospective  speed.  It  might  be  well 
however,  to  mention  the  use  of  hopples  as  the  only 
successful  mechanical  means  of  overcoming  inco-or- 
dination  of  motor  impulses  in  trotters  or  pacers,  when 
physical  and  functional  development  fails.  But  In 
proof  of  the  fact  that  physical  and  mental  develop- 
ment go  hand  in  hand,  note  the  scarcity  of  hoppled 
horses  today  in  comparison  with  a  few  years  ago, 
when  the  system  of  development  and  training  was 
simply  mechanical. 

Motor  impulses  are  always  the  result  of  stimuli 
originating  by  direct  or  reflex  action  upon  the  sensory 
nerves,  and  transmitted  to  the  brain  for  the  purpose 
of  elaboration  and  direction.  Thus  we  find  that  vol- 
untary muscles  to  which  motor  impulses  are  directed 
in  excess  of  other  muscles,  develop  accordingly,  or 
according  to  their  use  or  disuse.  As  mental  and 
physical  development  in  all  instances  is  directly  re- 


THE    horseman's    HANDBOOK.  105 

sponsible  for  the  perfection  of  the  gait  of  a  sound 
horse,  and  being  directly  subject  to  the  will  of  man, 
through  education,  it  is  plain  to  be  seen  that  the  effect 
of  increasing  or  diminishing  the  weight  in  the  shoe, 
or  changing  the  angle  of  the  foot,  and  consequently 
the  position  of  the  limb,  will  be  communicated  to  the 
brain  and  transformed  into  motor  impulses,  and  the 
desired  effect^  that  of  development  of  the  muscles 
necessary  to  overcome  the  original  defect,  will  be 
accomplished. 

The  greatest  difficulty  encountered  in  shoeing 
horses  for  the  purpose  of  gaiting  or  balancing  is  to 
be  able  to  convince  the  owner  that  instantaneous  re- 
sults cannot  be  accomplished.  It  is  impossible  to 
immediately  overcome  excessive  or  non-development, 
either  physical  or  functional,  by  merely  changing  the 
angle  of  the  foot,  the  weight  or  the  shape  of  the 
shoes. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  common  points  to  be 
observed  before  attempting  to  direct  the  shoeing  of  a 
horse  to  prevent  interfering,  or  to  overcome  a  faulty 
gait: 

First  note  the  general  conformation  and  posture  of 
the  feet  and  legs  with  reference  to  their  anatomical 
relations,  while  standing  in  a  natural  position.  By 
standing  in  front  of  the  animal  and  drawing  an 
imaginary  line  from  the  upper  portion  of  the  leg  to 
the  point  of  the  toe,  any  abnormality  such  as  toeing 
out  or  in  can  be  readily  discerned. 

Change  your  position  and  note  the  pastern  with  ref- 
erence to  its  straightness  or  obliquity.  A  slight 
springing  or  tendency  toward  being  calf  kneed  may 
also  be  noted  at  this  time. 

Pick  up  each  foot  and  carefully  note  how  each  shoe 
has  been  worn,  their  approximate  weight  and  length 
of  service,  and  make  a  careful  inquiry  of  the  driver  as 
regards  the  horse's  disposition  and  driving  qualities. 
Also  observe  the  kind  of  bit  and  check  used. 

Then  have  the  horse  driven  over  a  smooth  pave- 
ment, directly  in  front  of  you  for  a  short  distance  and 
returned  in  the  same  manner,  at  a  clip  ordinarily  re- 
quired or  generally  utiltized.  From  this  position  it 
is  easy  to  note  the  carriage  of  the  foot  or  limb  during 


106  THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

the  progress  of  the  stride.  After  viewing  the  horse 
from  this  position,  both  at  rest  and  in  motion,  step 
back  a  few  paces,  have  him  driven  past  you  several 
times  in  order  that  you  may  carefully  note  the  height 
of  flexion  and  the  act  of  extension,  either  of  which 
may  be  the  primary  cause  of  interference  or  faulty 
gait,  and  possibly  as  easily  remedied  as  seen. 

During  this  exercise  every  movement  of  the  animal 
must  be  noted,  and  especially  that  of  the  offending 
foot  or  limb,  as  regards  its  relation  to  the  rest  of  the 
animal  economy, 

THE  DON'TS. 

Never  examine  a  harness  horse  to  halter,  or  one 
kept  for  saddling  purposes  in  harness. 

Don't  pass  final  judgment  on  a  high  spirited  horse 
fresh  from  the  stable,  or  one  thoroughly  tired  out. 

Don't  fail  to  size  up  the  owner  or  driver  and  draw 
your  own  deduction  from  their  statements,  substan- 
tiated by  your  own  observations  of  the  horse. 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  107 


CHAPTER  VII. 

ANIMAL   TAMING   AND   TRAINING. 

(Written  for  the  American  Breeder  by  H.  B. 
Gentry,  who  is  at  the  head  of  the  Gentry  Brothers' 
Combination  of  Animal  Shows,  and  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  most  successful  animal  trainers  in  the 
world.) 

The  art  of  subjecting  the  wild  as  well  as  the 
domestic  animal  to  the  will  of  man  dates  back  as  far 
as  history  records  the  doings  of  his  human  brother. 

The  primitive  methods  employed  by. the  first  ani- 
mal trainers  failed  to  bring  out  all  the  possibilities 
of  animal  education.  However^  we  find  the  early 
Eastern  potentates  employing  the  trained  elephant 
and  horse  for  war  purposes,  and  until  the  advent  of 
Alexander  the  Great  elephants  were  considered  neces- 
sary to  the  successful  carrying  on  of  warfare  in  the 
Eastern  countries. 

The  early  Egyptians  record  numerous  instances  of 
animal  training,  and  the  Romans  followed  with  their 
chariot  horses,  and  history  speaks  of  the  trained  tiger 
of  these  warriors  used  for  hunting  deer  and  kindred 
animals. 

After  the  dawn  of  Christianity,  animal  training 
began  to  wane.  The  teachings  of  the  modern  Bible 
forbade  the  games  and  fights  so  dear  to  the  heart  of 
the  Roman  of  the  period,  and  outside  of  the  necessary 
training  for  domestic  uses  and  the  saddle  horse  of 
the  warrior  of  the  middle  ages,  little  progress  was 
made  in  the  art  of  animal  education. 

About  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century,  both 
the  English  and  the  Germans  began  to  train  wild 
as  well  as  domestic  animals  for  the  purposes  of  exhi- 
bition, and  small  bands    of    traveling    mountebanks 


108  THE    HOESEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

augmented  their  own  performances  with  feats  of  ani- 
mals; usually  the  dog  and  sometimes  a  pony,  probably 
selected  for  his  diminutive  size,  assisted  in  delighting 
the  rural  districts. 

The  present  system  of  animal  training,  however, 
is  of  comparatively  recent  date,  and  the  scores  of  both 
wild  and  domestic  animals  that  now  delight  the 
thousands  of  amusement  lovers  in  this  country  an- 
nually, are  given  as  thorough  an  education  as  is 
accorded  the  average  child. 

The  modern  trainer  must  possess  a  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  the  animals  intrusted  to  his  care,  and  besides 
a  knowledge  of  the  appliances  and  short-cut  routes 
used  to  perfect  the  animal's  education,  he  (if  he  be 
a  successful  trainer)  is  able  to  pick  the  animals  best 
suited  to  the  trick  he  is  to  be  taught. 

When  a  programme  is  to  be  "broken"  (to  use  a 
phrase  of  the  calling),  the  trainer  takes  the  material 
furnished  him  and  makes  a  close  study  of  the  stock, 
and  while  there  exists  intelligence  in  all  breeds  of 
animals,  one  of  any  breed  may  be  endowed  with  ex- 
traordinary ability  in  some  distinct  line,  and  it  is 
required  of  the  trainer  to  be  able  to  select  them 
for  their  fitness. 

The  programme  is  arranged  and  the  real  work  of 
perfecting  their  education  commences. 

Each  animal  is  first  taught  his  own  name,  and  until 
he  knows  it  little  can  be  accomplished.  As  soon  as  he 
shows  evidence  of  knowing  when  he  is  called,  he  is 
'taught  the  real  fundamental  principle  of  his  educa- 
tion, obedience.  He  is  called  from  among  his 
brothers,  and  if  he  fails  to  respond,  he  is  gently  but 
firmly  given  to  understand  that  he  must  obey,  and 
he  soon  learns  that  obedience  is  rewarded  with  kind- 
ness, and  his  education,  then,  is  a  mere  matter  of 
time. 

All  animals  are  first  taught  some  simple  trick,  and 
when  once  they  grasp  the  idea  conveyed  by  the  mas- 
ter, they  are  gradually  given  more  difficult  feats  to 
perform,  until  by  easy  stages  they  are  perfected  in 
the  more  complicated  acts  assigned  to  them. 

Great  difference  exists  in  the  nature  of  animals. 
One,  after  he  learns  that  he  is  to  be  rewarded  accord- 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  109 

ing  to  his  perfection,  will  show  almost  human  intelli- 
gence in  his  efforts  to  please  his  master  and  the 
audience,  while  on  the  other  hand  animals  after  work- 
ing for  years  and  performing  successfully  each  act 
in  their  repertoire,  do  so  in  a  manner  that  plainly 
says,  "I  am  doing  this  simply  because  I  know  that  to 
rebel  is  to  taste  the  whip,"  and  no  amount  of  wheed- 
ling or  petting  will  induce  him  to  take  an  interest 
in  his  act. 

In  point  of  intelligence  among  the  animals  usually 
used  for  exhibition  purposes  the  elephant  and  the 
monkey  family  lead.  While  it  is  generally  conceded 
that  the  monkey  is  possessed  of  the  greater  intelli- 
gence, the  fact  alone  makes  him  the  most  difficult  to 
train,  for  he  knows  that  the  moment  he  slips  his 
chain  he  can  mount  to  some  inaccessible  spot  and 
defy  pursuit. 

The  elephant,  on  the  contrary,  while  possessing 
nearly  the  same  degree  of  intelligence  as  the  monkey, 
submits  readily  to  the  will  of  his  trainer,  and  as  soon 
as  he  grasps  the  idea  of  his  act  his  education  is  prac- 
tically accomplished,  and  it  only  requires  rehearsal 
to  complete  it. 

Almost  the  first  question  asked  the  trainer  is,  what 
method  do  you  employ  in  breaking  or  training  an 
animal? 

While  some  slight  method  may  be  followed  in  some 
cases,  it  is  impossible  to  establish  a  set  of  rules  to 
govern  the  perfecting  of  any  one  act  or  acts,  for  the 
simple  fact  that,  like  his  human  brother,  each  animal 
possesses  a  distinct  character  peculiarly  his  own,  and 
he  must  be  studied  and  thoroughly  understood  by  the 
trainer  before  anything  can  be  accomplished.  To 
take  as  an  illustration,  I  have  known  ponies  in  course 
of  training  for  an  act  to  become  stubborn,  and  if  the 
whip  was  resorted  to,  they  would  lose  all  control  of 
themselves,  and  dash  madly  from  the  ring,  and  it 
would  require  an  hour  of  hard  effort  to  again  inspire 
confidence  in  them^  so  that  the  work  could  be  con- 
tinued, while  on  the  other  hand,  a  pony  will  often- 
times take  any  amount  of  punishment  like  a  stoic. 
The  trainer,  necessarily  a  man  of  much  patience, 
studies  his  pets  with  as  much  care  as  the  successful 


110  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

teacher  of  the  child,  and,  in  fact,  little  difference 
exists  in  the  method  of  moulding  an  animal  to  the 
will  than  that  employed  with  children. 

The  child  is  first  taught  its  A  B  C's,  and  the  spell- 
ing of  little  words  follows  until  confidence  prompts 
the  pupil  to  try  for  higher  goals,  and  the  same  is 
characteristic  of  the  animal.  As  an  illustration,  take 
the  high-diving  dog,  an  act  now  on  the  programme 
of  many  of  the  best  organizations.  His  first  lesson 
consists  of  mounting  a  ladder,  step  by  step,  to  a 
height  of  only  a  few  feet  at  first.  The  height  is  so 
gradually  increased  as  to  be  imperceptible  to  the  dog, 
and  in  a  comparatively  short  space  of  time  he  is 
mounting  to  a  height  of  thirty  feet  and  leaping  with 
the  fullest  confidence.  In  "breaking"  an  act  of  this 
sort,  as  well  as  most  others,  great  care  is  exercised 
to  prevent  even  the  slightest  accident,  for  a  fall  at 
the  beginning  has  been  known  to  completely  ruin  a 
promising  pupil. 

As  soon  as  the  animal  to  be  used  in  the  programme 
has  been  taught  some  simple  trick,  it  is  plainly 
apparent  to  his  master  just  how  far  he  can  be 
expected  to  go,  and  each  one  receives  his  task  accord- 
ing to  ability  displayed. 

One  fact  has  been  established  by  modem  animal 
training,  which  refutes  a  long  cherished  theory  by 
the  outside  world,  and  that  is^  all  animals  possess 
to  some  degree  memory  and  reasoning  power. 

Instinct  has  been  the  one  faculty,  as  it  may  be 
called,  and  instinct  alone,  attributed  to  the  animal, 
but  we  now  know  that  instinct  is  but  inherited  mem- 
ory, and  basing  his  belief  on  the  fact  if  that  if  inher- 
ited memory  exists,  the  animal  is  also  capable  of 
reasoning  and  acting  in  conformity  to  his  theory, 
the  modern  animal  trainer  has  astonished  the  world 
with  his  pets. 

I  call  to  mind  a  dog,  Clown  by  name,  a  Scotch 
collie,  who  possessed  an  intelligence  almost  human. 
From  the  first  lesson  it  was  apparent  that  he  was  a 
remarkable  dog,  and  his  subsequent  career  as  an 
entertainer  proved  that  the  first  impression  was  well 
founded.  He  worked  with  a  wag  of  his  tail,  a  glad 
bark  always  accompanied  each  successful  effort,  and 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  Ill 

in  an  incredibly  short  space  of  time  he  had  grown 
familiar  with  the  entire  programme.  He  never 
missed  an  act,  never  had  to  be  called,  he  knew  every 
dog  in  the  kennels  by  name,  as  well  as  he  knew  his 
own,  and  should  one  fail  to  respond  when  his  turn 
came,  Clown  was  at  his  heels  in  a  moment,  snapping 
with  an  air  that  plainly  said,  "You  are  next." 

The  animal  trainer  of  today  has  demonstrated  that 
there  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  astounding  feats 
capable  of  being  performed  by  intelligent  animals. 
The  high-diving  dog,  the  pony  military  drill,  the  back- 
ward-somersault dog,  the  bareback  riding  dog  turning 
somersaults  on  the  back  of  a  pony  at  full  speed,  are 
all  standard  acts  today,  and  twenty,  yes,  even  ten 
years  ago  they  would  have  been  considered  almost  an 
impossibility. 

In  training  animals  for  professional  purposes  I 
never  attempt  to  break  the  disposition  of  the  animal, 
but  rather  I  use  great  care  in  selecting  a  suitable 
subject  for  a  particular  act.  Animals  and  their  dis- 
positions and  capacities  may  be  compared  to  men. 
To  illustrate:  There  are  many  men  who  could  never 
be  taught  to  turn  a  somersault;  likewise  there  are 
many  dogs  who  could  never  be  taught  the  same  feat, 
but  whose  physical  and  mental  capacity  is  capable  of 
learning  some  other  act,  although  it  may  be  even 
more  difficult  than  the  one  above  mentioned. 

When  we  begin  to  train  a  dog  or  a  pony  for  a  par- 
ticular act  we  first  write  the  act,  similar  to  the  way 
a  dramatist  would  compose  a  sketch  or  play.  This 
is  done  in  order  that  the  practicability  of  the  act  in 
question  may  be  thoroughly  tested.  For  instance,  in 
crossing  or  re-crossing  the  ring  or  stage,  wherever 
it  is  intended  to  present  the  performance,  you  must 
contrive  to  have  the  animal  working  toward  you  most 
of  the  time,  as  by  such  a  position  you  can  control 
him  better  than  if  he  is  working  from  you.  In  this 
particular  regard  the  dog  and  the  horse  are  vastly 
different.  You  can  send  a  dog  from  you  and  call  a 
pony  or  horse  to  you  with  equal  alacrity  of  obedience, 
the  peculiar  dispositions  of  the  animals  in  question 
controlling  the  different  commands  in  accordance 
with  their  habits. 


112  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

As  regards  the  most  suitable  animal  to  train,  the 
idea  is  aniversally  accepted  that  an  aristocratic  or 
high-bred  animal  makes  the  best  subject  for  training. 
This  is  emphatically  not  the  case,  as  the  best  trained 
dog  ever  in  my  collection  was  a  "cur"  of  the  most 
mongrel  variety,  which  I  bought  for  fifty  cents.  It 
is  the  same  way  all  through  animal  life. 

Much  has  been  written  respecting  the  relative 
capacities  of  different  animals.  Let  me  say  here 
that  I  can  give  it  as  my  absolute  conviction  that 
the  elephant  is  mentally  the  brightest  animal  that 
lives.  On  account  of  his  trunk  and  of  the  peculiar 
formation  of  his  limbs,  an  elephant  is  capable  of  car- 
rying out  his  thoughts  more  ably  than  any  other  ani- 
mal. For  example,  it  is  a  usual  sight  to  see  elephants 
with  our  shows  go  to  the  sprinkling  wagon  and  turn 
the  faucet  on  to  get  a  drink  of  water.  While  other 
animals  may  be  capable  of  conceiving  the  thought 
that  the  sprinkling  wagon  ^  contains  water,  and  no 
doubt  would  be  very  prompt  in  partaking  of  same, 
because  of  their  thirst,  they  have  not  the  means  of 
obtaining  it.  Many  interesting  anecdotes  may  be  and 
are  related  of  the  wonderful  memories  and  reasoning 
power  of  elephants. 

The  ancient  adage  that  "You  can't  teach  an  old  dog 
new  tricks"  is  indeed  exploded,  as  any  person  well 
knows  who  has  ever  trained  a  troupe  of  animals  for 
show  purposes.  After  I  have  educated  a  new  dog  to 
take  the  place  of  one  of  the  old  members  of  the  com- 
pany, it  is  almost  impossible  to  get  the  ringmaster, 
or  the  men  in  charge  of  the  performance,  to  substi- 
tute the  new  member  in  place  of  the  old  one^  as  the 
old  dogs  know  the  performance  so  thoroughly  that 
they  are  absolutely  certain  in  the  discharge  of  their 
portion  of  the  programme. 

Some  persons  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  way 
animals  are  trained  cherish  the  thought  that  there  is 
some  secret  in  connection  with  the  profession,  or 
rather  occupation,  of  teaching  dumb  brutes,  but  such 
is  not  the  case.  It  is  simply  a  question  of  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  different  animals,  their  capabilities, 
temperaments,  etc.,  and  the  knowledge  also  of  how 
to  instruct  them  in  the  most  practicable  manner. 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK,  113 

I  can  state,  absolutely,  that  animals  learn  nothing 
from  observation.  For  instance,  if  you  are  training 
fifty  dogs,  and  the  first  thing  you  require  of  them  is 
that  each  one  occupy  an  individual  seat,  it  is  abso- 
lutely necessary  to  instruct  each  one,  separately,  in 
this  primary  portion  of  their  education.  Once  they 
are  educated  they  have  a  great  desire  to  perform  their 
act,  and,  in  fact,  when  an  animal  evinces  too  great 
a  desire  to  go  through  his  part  it  is  necessary  to  take 
him  out  of  the  performance,  as  a  dog  or  a  pony  that 
is  too  smart  is  equally  as  disadvantageous  to  the 
trainer  as  the  one  that  is  not  smart  enough.  For 
illustration:  In  our  military  drill  of  ponies  we  have 
found  it  necessary,  on  several  occasions,  to  retire  sev- 
eral ponies  who  were  capable  of  remembering  the 
routine  too  far  in  advance,  and  substitute  in  their 
places  horses  who  were  content  to  go  through  the 
different  figures  as  the  command  was  given. 

The  fact  that  animals  understand  and  appreciate 
applause  is  thoroughly  demonstrated  in  our  exhibi- 
tions; whether  they  become  accustomed  to  it  through 
continued  performance,  or  whether  they  actually 
understand  that  it  is  a  token  of  regard  to  their  ability 
is  a  question,  but  that  they  perform  much  better 
before  an  enthusiastic  applauding  audience  is  a  fact. 

Kindness,  above  all  things,  with  a  positive  under- 
standing that  you  are  the  animal's  master,  is  the 
only  leverage  needful  in  educating  dumb  brutes.  The 
whip  is  used  in  the  performance  to  guide  the  animals, 
as  many  signs  are  suggested,  and  given  them  by  the 
trainer's  attitude  and  which  the  audience  does  not 
become  familiar  with  by  simply  viewing  the  per- 
formance. 

The  length  of  time  required  to  teach  an  animal  any 
act  depends  upon  the  animal  and  nature  of  the  per- 
formance in  question.  We  find  in  our  business, 
usually,  the  acts  that  are  trained  the  quickest  and 
with  the  greatest  ease  receive  the  most  applause,  and 
the  acts  that  have  taken  months  to  perfect  usually  go 
by  unnoticed. 

In  training  a  company  of  animals  for  exhibition 
one  or  more  members  will  develop  some  little  by-play 
or  business,  to  use  a  theatrical  term,  that  is  sure  to 


114  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

make  a  "hit,"  and  when  that  animal  dies  you  may 
make  an  unlimited  effort  to  train  some  other  animal 
to  do  it  and  not  be  successful.  When  I  first  started 
in  the  profession,  or  rather  occupation,  I  bought  eight 
ponies,  which  took  about  all  the  ready  money  that 
I  hadj  and  in  training  them  one  of  the  smaller  of 
the  number  developed  a  fondness  for  kicking,  not 
viciously,  but  playfully,  and  during  the  eight  months, 
of  tuition  I  used  every  means  within  my  power  to 
break  him  of  the  habit.  At  last  when  the  time 
arrived  for  the  opening  performance  I  had  hoped  that 
the  audience  would  scare  him  so  that  he  would  be 
frightened,  as  it  must  be  known  that  animals  as  well 
as  people  have  stage  fright,  but  the  audience  had  no 
terrors  for  him,  and,  therefore,  in  that  portion  of  the 
programme  in  which  he  appeared  he  kept  up  the 
kicking.  It  is  strange  to  relate  that  it  was  the  "hit" 
of  the  performance.  The  pony's  name  was  "Eureka — 
The  Tough,"  and  there  is  no  doubt,  in  my  mind,  that 
Eureka's  antics  were  one  of  the  potent  factors  that 
contributed  to  the  success  of  the  Gentry  Show. 

In  conclusion  I  may  say  that  if  you  have  animals 
of  any  description  treat  them  kindly,  but  insist  upon 
it,  at  all  times,  that  they  recognize  you  as  master, 
and  they  will  love,  obey  and  respect  you. 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  115 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


CARE  OF  HORSES  IN  SICKNESS. 

The  care  of  horses  in  sickness  is  a  subject  of  which 
a  book  of  this  scope  can  treat  of  but  very  lightly,  and 
an  attempt  will  only  be  made  to  give  some  advice  as 
to  the  more  common  of  ailments  to  which  horseflesh 
is  heir,  with  their  treatment,  more  especially  as  the 
subject  has  been  handled  more  or  less  in  the  chapters 
which  precede  this  one.     ' 

SwoLLEi^  Legs. — In  the  first  place  a  very  common 
trouble  and  one  which  is  a  source  of  much  trouble 
and  inconvenience  to  horse  owners,  especially  so  to 
dealers,  is  swollen  legs.  It  is  invariably  due  to  one 
of  two  extreme  conditions.  A  debilitated  or  weak- 
ened circulation  of  the  blood,  or  an  overfed  or 
plethoric  condition  of  the  animal.  When  a  result 
of  the  former  it  is  because  there  is  an  insufficient 
force  of  the  heart's  action  to  return  the  blood  from 
the  extremities,  and  the  blood  being  stagnated  in 
the  limbs,  its  watery  portion  will  escape  from  the 
vessels  into  the  surrounding  tissues  and  produce  this 
dropsical  swelling.  When  of  this  type  an  impression 
made  upon  the  swelling  with  thumb  and  finger  will 
remain  for  some  little  time.  When  due  to  the  latter 
condition,  the  system  is  overloaded  with  waste  ma- 
terial which,  on  account  of  its  excessive  amount, 
cannot  be  alDsorbed  by  the  Lympathic  Glands  and 
carried  out  through  the  organs  of  excretion.  When 
due  to  other  conditions  if  the  swelling  will  disappear 
upon  exercising  the  animals,  it  will  readily  yield  to 
rational  treatment.  From  the  foregoing  conclusions 
it  will  be  seen  that  what  is  needed  in  either  case  is  a 


116  THE    HOR^EMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

combination  of  a  heart  tonic  and  some  other  remedy 
that  will  increase  the  action  of  the  kidneys  and  other 
organs  of  excretion.  Exercising  and  bandaging  will 
reduce  the  swelling  temporarily,  but  any  permanent 
relief  must  come  from  a  removal  of  the  cause. 

Cribbing. — Cribbing,  otherwise  wind-sucking  or 
swallowing  air,  says  the  London  Live  Stock  Journal, 
is  a  vice  peculiar  to  horses  alone.  It  is  a  vice  which 
may  be  checked  by  mechanical  appliances,  but  is 
rarely  entirely  eradicated.  The  removal  of  the  man- 
ger and  placing  the  horse's  food  on  the  ground  will 
not  prevent  a  determined  cribber  swallowing  air. 
The  sides  of  the  stall  he  will  some  times  utilize  for 
the  same  purpose,  and  some  horses  will  crib  on  their 
own  body.  Others  learn  to  crib  without  any  support 
at  all.  It  has  been  clearly  proved  that  what  is  known 
as  cribbing  is  not,  as  we  once  thought,  an  act  of 
belching  and  expelling  gas  from  the  stomach,  but  of 
swallowing  air  into  it.  Horses  killed  after  cribbing 
have  had  the  gases  in  their  stomachs  and  intestines 
subjected  to  chemical  analysis,  with  the  result  that 
pure  air  has  been  found.  Moreover,  other  experi- 
ments have  been  made  which  lead  to  the  same  con- 
clusion. An  empty  bladder  inserted  in  the  gullet  in  a 
prescribed  way  is  found  to  be  distended  with  pure 
air  after  the  act  of  cribbing.  The  vice  of  cribbing 
in  the  way  it  is  most  usually  performed,  is  destructive 
to  the  teeth  of  the  horse,  and  so  interferes  with  the 
proper  mastication  of  his  food.  Swallowing  air,  how- 
ever, in  any  way,  frequently  results  in  serious  intes- 
tinal trouble — indigestion,  flatulency,  colicky  pains 
and  other  ailments. 

Loss  OF  Appetite  may  be  caused  by  overwork  or 
too  little  exercise,  fault  with  the  food,  faulty  general 
management,  soreness  about  the  mouth  or  disease  of 
the  teeth.  When  refusal  to  eat  is  due  to  continued 
over-feeding,  short  rations  for  a  day  or  two  is  all  that 
is  required.  Food  that  is  not  eaten  within  a  reason- 
able time  should  be  promptly  removed  from  the  man- 
ger and  the  next  feed  correspondingly  reduced.  Give 
an  animal   no  more  than  he  will   eat  up  clean.     It 


THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  117 

often  happens  that  food  is  refused  for  no  apparent 
reason,  the  animal  at  the  same  time  becoming  thin 
and  weak.  In  such  cases  "condimental"  foods  are 
useful,  not  because  of  any  superior  nutritive  value, 
but  because  they  rouse  the  appetite.  The  following 
formula  is  recommended  for  the  greater  number  of 
cases:  Ground  or  crushed  oats  and  corn  meal,  of 
each  five  pounds,  oil  meal  one-fourth  of  a  pound, 
common  table  salt  two  ounces.  If  the  animal  seems 
to  need  a  tonic  or  is  troubled  with  intestinal  worms, 
mix  with  each  ration  as  above  given,  a  dessert-spoon- 
ful of  powdered  gentian,  and  a  small  teaspoonful  of 
the  dried  sulphate  of  iron.  If  the  animal  then  refuses 
the  ration  a  little  starvation  is  all  that  will  be  re- 
quired to  cause  him  to  take  it,  the  dislike  ceasing 
as  soon  as  the  animal  has  once  been  persuaded  to 
partake  of  the  mixture. 

Worms. — When  a  horse  takes  every  opportunity  of 
rubbing  the  hair  off  his  tail,  and  is  after  all  not 
relieved  by  the  operation,  or  when  outward  applica- 
tions have  no  effect  upon  it  the  irritation  probably 
proceeds  from  small  worms  in  the  rectum.  Occa- 
sionally applications  of  salt,  or  salt  and  quassia  will 
keep  these  parasites  down.  Boil  two  ounces  of 
quassia  chips  in  two  quarts  of  water  for  half  an  hour. 
Strain  off  the  chips  and  put  half  an  ounce  of  salt  in 
the  liquid.  When  blood  warm  gently  inject  into  the 
rectum.  If  retained  half  an  hour  or  more  it  will 
give  great  relief,  but  if  expelled  immediately  try 
again  next  day.  This  simple  remedy  may  be  repeated 
whenever  the  worms  are  seen  to  be  troublesome,  and 
will  never  do  any  harm.  But  don't  pour  in  the  salt 
without  weighing  or  measuring  it.  Physic  will  injure 
the  horse  without  injuring  the  worms.  In  Chapter  I, 
see  also  the  reference  to  this  subject. 

Abortiox. — For  this  trouble  many  remedies  are 
given,  all  probably  more  or  less  efficacious,  and  nearly 
every  veterinarian  has  some  particular  treatment 
which  he  considers  superior  to  all  others.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  best  method  is  to  use  great 
care  in  the  feeding  and  handling  of  the  mare  from 


118  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

the  very  earliest  months  of  pregnancy,  and  to 
increase  this  care  and  watchfulness  as  she  pro- 
gresses. A  mare  cannot  safely  be  given  track  work 
for  more  than  four  months  after  breeding,  though 
we  have  known  instances  of  mares  being  bred  in  the 
spring  and  making  a  summer's  campaign  while  car- 
rying a  foal.  After  four  months  she  should  be  nearly 
let  up,  only  receiving  work  enough  to  afford  suffi- 
cient exercise.  Care  should  also  be  used  in  feeding 
to  avoid  giving  grain  that  has  become  "smutty,"  or 
in  other  words  contains  ergot,  which  increases  the 
chances  of  an  abortion.  If  a  mare  has  lost  her  foal 
regularly  for  two  or  three  years,  and  it  is  appre- 
hended that  she  will  again  abort,  it  is  advisable  to 
begin  about  four  months  previous  to  foaling  to  give 
her  twice  a  day,  night  and  morning,  a  half-pint  of 
hemp-seed.  Continue  this  until  within  a  week  of 
foaling.  Also  commence  at  the  same  time  to  give 
her  one  ounce  of  the  fluid  extract  of  viburnum 
prunifolium  in  her  feed  night  and  morning,  con- 
tinuing this  for  two  months.  Many  experienced  stock 
farm  managers  recommend  the  use  of  wheat  as  a 
preventive  of  abortion,  and  advise,  if  a  mare  begins 
to  strain  or  show  any  indications  of  coming  abortion, 
to  give  her  immediately  a  handful  of  whole  wheat, 
care  being  taken,  of  course,  to  have  it  clean  and 
free  from  ergot  or  "smut."  If  one  mare  aborts,  and 
others  who  are  in  foal  are  in  the  neighborhood,  they 
should  be  kept  carefully  away  from  the  spot,  and  all 
evidences  at  once  removed.  Carbolic  acid  should  be 
sprinkled  liberally  about  the  stall  or  yard,  and  the 
mare  isolated  from  the  rest  for  two  or  three  days. 
These  precautions  have  proven  very  effective  in  pre- 
venting those  epidemics  of  abortion  that  sometimes 
attack  large  farms,  where  large  numbers  of  brood 
mares  in  foal  are  in  close  proximity  to  each  other. 
See  also  Chapter  II.  as  to  treatment  of  abortion. 

Heaves. — There  are  a  great  many  articles  upon  the 
market  that  claim  to  cure  heaves,  all  of  which  are 
more  or  less  effective,  depending  on  the  condition 
of  the  animal  rather  than  the. effectiveness  of  the  drug. 
The  word  heaves  is  broad  in  its  meaning.    There  are 


THE    HOKSEMAN-'S    PIANDBOOK.  119 

at  least  three  distinct  different  pathological  reasons 
that  will  cause  a  horse  to  heave.  If  it  should  come 
from  chronic  indigestion  and  dilated  stomach  it 
might  be  helped  by  removing  the  cause.  If  it  was  a 
lesion  of  the  pneumogastric  nerve,  it  would  be  recog- 
nized by  the  profession  as  incurable;  also  if  it  came 
from  dilation  of  the  air  vessels  of  the  lungs. 

Lice. — There  are  many  remedies  that  are  recom- 
mended for  the  cure  of  lice  on  colts.  We  have  found 
the  following  a  good  thing:  Corrosive  Sublimate  30 
grains  in  a  quart  of  luke  warm  water,  and  half  pint 
of  alcohol,  and  ba^he  the  colt  all  over  thoroughly 
with  this  solution,  especially  along  the  spine  from 
the  tail  to  the  head.  Keep  the  colt  in  a  warm  place 
after  the  application. 

EczE:vtA. — If  you  have  a  horse  that  is  constantly 
rubbing  himself,  especially  about  the  hips  and  on 
his  sides,  whose  health  is  good,  appetite  good,  and 
has  no  sign  of  any  vermin  or  anything  wrong  except 
his  desire  to  rub  himself.  This  trouble  is  eczema. 
Give  him  seven  drams  of  aloes  and  two  drams  of 
ginger  either  in  a  ball  or  drench.  If  the  weather  and 
stable  are  warm  wash  him  with  soap  and  water  twice 
a  week  till  well. 

Corns. — If  the  corns  are  the  result  of  bad  shoeing 
they  are  hard  to  remove,  if  from  a  bruise  they  are 
more  easily  treated.  We  would  advise  cutting  them 
out  and  cauterizing  the  wounds  with  a  hot  iron,  or 
treat  with  strong  nitric  acid  or  chemical  pure  sul- 
phuric acid;  have  the  shoes  removed  often,  and  set 
to  remove  pressure. 

Strangles. — The  symptoms  of  this  disease  are 
usually  lumps  under  the  horse's  jaw,  extending  up  as 
high  as  his  ears  and  sometimes  making  him  carry 
his  head  to  one  side.  The  horse  should  be  kept  warm 
and  apply  hot  poultices  of  linseed  meal  to  the  lumps 
on  the  jaw.  Change  them  often  each  day,  and  when 
the  bunch  gets  soft  and  feels  sore  in  the  center  take 
a  clean  knife  and  open  the  abcess,  and  keep  up  the 
poulticing  until  the  discharge  stops.     Give  the  horse 


120 


THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK. 


soft  food  to  eat,  and  put  a  teaspoonful  of  salt  peter 
in  his  feed  twice  per  day. 

CoLTC. — The   remedy   par   excellence   for  this   com- 
mon yet  most  deadly  disease  is  given  in  Chapter  I. 


PERIODS  OF  GESTATION. 

Breeders  will  not  fail  to  appreciate  the  value  and  convenience  of 
the  table  printed  below  It  shows  at  a  glance  when  a  mare  is  due 
to  foal  if  bred  at  a  certain  date:  also  when  she  should  be  served  in 
order  to  "come  in"  at  a  given  time.  A  mare  should  carry  her  foal 
340  days: 


Time  of 

Due 

Time  Of 

Due 

Time  of 

Due 

Time  of 

Due 

Service 

to  Foal 

Service 

to  Foal 

Service 

to  Foal 

Service 

to  Foal 

Jan.    6 

Dec. 

11 

April  11 

Mar.  16 

July  10 

June  14 

Oct.     8 

Sept.  12 

'•     11 

" 

16 

"      16 

••      21 

"      15 

"      19 

"      13 

"     17 

"      16 

'• 

21 

"      21 

"      29 

"      20 

"     24 

"      18 

*'      22 

"      21 

" 

26 

"     26 

"      31 

•'      25 

"      29 

"      23 

*'      27 

"      26 

" 

31 

May    1 

April  5 

"      30 

July    4 

*'      28 

Oct.     2 

"      31 

Jan. 

5 

"       6 

•'      10 

Aug.    9 

"      14 

Nov.    2 

7 

Feb    5 

10 

"     11 

"      15 

"      14 

"      19 

'•        7 

"      12 

"  .  10 

" 

15 

"      16 

"      20 

"      19 

"      24 

"      12 

"      17 

"      15 

" 

20 

"      21 

"      25 

"      24 

"      29 

"      17 

"      22 

"      20 

" 

25 

"      26 

"      30 

"      29 

Aug.    3 

"      22 

•'      27 

"      26 

" 

30 

"      31 

May    5 

Sept.   3 

"        8 

'•      27 

Nov.    1 

Mar.    7 

Feb. 

9 

June   5 

"     10 

"        8 

"      13 

Dec.    7 

"     11 

"      12 

'• 

14 

"     10 

"      15 

"      13 

"      18 

•'     12 

"      16 

"      17 

" 

19 

"      15 

"      20 

"      18 

"      23 

"     17 

•«      21 

"      22 

'« 

24 

"      20 

"      25 

"      23 

"      28 

'•      22 

"      26 

"      27 

Mar. 

1 

"      25 

"      30 

"      28 

Sept.  2 

"      27 

Dec.    1 

April  1 

" 

6 

"      30 

June   4 

Oct.      3 

"        7 

"     :m 

6 

"        6 

" 

11 

July    5 

"       9 

THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK,  121 

TREATMENT  OF  HORSES'  TEETH. 

The  humane  method  of  handling  horses'  mouths 
and  operating  on  diseased  teeth  has  been  confined 
to  the  last  few  years.  While  it  is  still  in  its  infancy, 
yet  nearly  all  the  operations  that  are  practiced  on 
human  teeth  are  now  practiced  upon  those  of  the 
horse.  The  cavities  of  the  teeth  of  the  horse  are  of 
frequent  occurrence  and  no  part  of  the  tooth  is 
exempt  from  this  disease.  It  may  attack  the  exter- 
nal surface  of  the  crown,  neck  or  root,  or  it  may 
begin  in  the  center  of  the  tooth  around  the  pulp 
cavity  and  gradually  extend  outward.  The  molars 
are  the  teeth  usually  affected,  the  incisors  rarely, 
and  the  canines  practically  never  suffer  from  this 
affxiction.  When  the  diseased  process  goes  on  to 
suppuration,  as  it  usually  does  if  the  teeth  be  the 
first  or  second  upper  molar,  a  fistulous  opening  is 
formed  into  the  nasal  cavity;  if  the  third,  fourth  or 
fifth  or  sixth  upper  molar,  the  pus  collects  in  the 
maxillary  sinue,  causing  a  bulging  of  the  face;  if 
the  tooth  is  a  lower  moiar,  the  fistula  usually  opens 
on  the  lower  margin  of  the  inferior  maxilla.  W^hen 
the  diseased  process  has  extended  too  far  to  save 
the  tooth,  the  tooth  is  extracted,  and  if  there  be  a 
collection  of  pus  in  the  sinues  they  are  trepined  and 
all  healed  together.  If  the  cavity  is  small  it  is  filled 
the  same  as  a  human  tooth,  with  an  amalgam  com- 
posed of  the  fillings  of  a  mixture  of  tin  and  silver 
combined  with  mercury  in  suitable  proportions. 

An  exostosis  or  bone  enlargement  sometimes  grows 
on  the  root  of  a  horse's  tooth.  Such  teeth  have  to 
be  extracted  or  the  enlargement  attains  a  great  size. 
Foreign  substances,  such  as  sticks  of  wood  and  pieces 
of  corncob,  frequently  become  lodged  between  the 
teeth  or  in  the  gums.  This  condition  is  marked  by  a 
continual  champing  of  the  jaws,  excessive  fiow  of 
saliva,  difficulty  of  eating,  rapid  emaciation,  etc. 
Fractures  of  the  teeth  are  of  great  annoyance  to  the 
horse.  The  fracture  may  be  longitudinal  or  trans- 
versely. 

A  collection  of  tartar  on  the  teeth  causes  a  con- 
stant irritation   in  some  horses.     This  is  shown  by 


122  THE    HOKSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

the  swelling  of  the  gums,  the  destruction  of  the 
alveolar  process,  the  loosening  of  the  teeth  and  the 
conditions  known  as  lampas,  when  occurring  in  old 
horses." 

When  the  molar  tooth  is  absent  from  any  cause, 
its  opposing  tooth  grows  down  and  injures  the  gum 
of  the  opposing  jaw.  These  have  to  be  cut  off  or 
extracted.  Horses  of  all  ages  suffer  more  or  less 
from  long,  sharp  and  projecting  points  which  are 
often  found  on  the  molar  teeth.  They  are  situated 
on  the  inside  of  the  lower  jaw,  being  narrower  than 
the  upper  one  and  the  two  rows  of  teeth  do  not 
come  in  direct  opposition,  leaving  parts  that  do  not 
come  in  wear.  These  sharp  joints  give  the  horse 
great  pain  by  lacerating  the  tongue  and  cheeks.  The 
animal  is  relieved  by  cutting  off  these  sharp  projec- 
tions and  then  smoothing  with  a  file.  The  operation 
can  be  performed  on  the  horse  without  injuring  the 
tooth,  from  the  fact  that  the  table  is  not  covered 
with  enamel.  The  gums  and  alveolar  processes  of 
horses  very  frequently  are  the  seat  of  tumors  and 
excrescences  of  various  kinds,  varying  in  character 
from  the  most  simple  growth  of  the  gum  to  morbid 
production  of  fungoid  or  cancerous  nature.  But  the 
most  pitiable  sight  to  see  is  a  horse  suffering  with  the 
excruciating  and  almost  insupportable  pain  of  an 
alveolar  abscess. 


THE    HOESEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK.  123 


CHAMPION  RECORDS 

TROTTING. 

The  world's  champion — Lou  Dillon,  by  Sidney- 
Dillon;   Memphis,  Tenn.,  Oct.  24,  1903 1:581/^ 

Fastest     mare — Lou     Dillon,     by     Sidney    Dillon; 

Memphis,   Tenn.,    Oct.    24,    1903 IrSSVa 

Fastest  stallion — Cresceus,  by  Robert  McGregor; 

Columbus,  O.,  Aug'.   1,    1901 2:021^ 

Fastest  gelding — Major  Delmar,  by  Delmar;  1903.1:59% 

BEST    RECORD    FROM    ONE-HALF    TO     ONE    HUN- 
DRED  MILES.  ' 

1/2   mile — Major  Delmar,  b.  g.,  by  Delmar  (1904)  ....  0:59% 

1  mile — Lou  Dillon,  ch.  m.,  by  Sidney  Dillon  (1903)  ..  1:58% 
1%  miles — Major  Delmar,  b.  g.,  by  Delmar  (1902)..  2:22% 
144    miles — Lily   Young,   ch.   m.,  by   Young   Fullerton 

(1902)     2:45 

1%   miles — Dr.  Strong,  g.  g.,  by  Strong  Boy   (1903)  ..      8:17y2 

2  miles — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  McGregor   (1902)      4:17 

3  miles — Nightingale,  ch.  m.,  by  Mambrino  King 
(1893)     6:55ya 

4  miles — Senator  L.,  ch.  h.,  by  Dexter  Prince  (1893)  .  10  :12 

5  miles — Zambra,  b.  g.,  by  McKinney   (1902) 12:24 

6  miles — Longtime,  b.  g.,  untraced    (1893) 16:00 

10  miles — Pascal,  blk.  g.,  by  Pascarel  (1893) 26:15 

18    miles — Bill,   ch.    g.,    untraced    (1885) 58:10 

20  miles — Capt.  McGowan,  rn.  h.,  untraced   (1865),  ..  58:25 
30     miles — Gen.     Taylor,     gr.     h.,     by     Moirse     Horse 

(1857)      1 :47  :59 

50  miles — Ariel,  br.  m.,   untraced    (1846) 3:55:40% 

100  miles — Conqueror,  b.  g.,  by  Latourette's  Belle- 
founder   (1853)     , 8:55:33 

BEST  RECORDS   AT  DIFFERENT  AGES. 

Fastest    mare — Lou    Dillon,     ch.,     by     Sidney    Dillon 

(1903)    1:58% 

Fastest   stallion — Cresceus,    ch.,   by   Robert   McGregor 

(1901)      2:02% 

Fastest  gelding — Major  Delmar,  b.,  by  Delmar   (1903)      1:59% 
Fastest  yearling,  colt — Abdell,  b.,  by  Advertiser  (1894)      2  :23 
Fastest  yearling,  filly — Pansy  McGregor,  b.,  by  Fergus 

McGregor    (1893)     2:23% 

Fastest     2-year-old,     colt — Arion,     b.,    by   Electioneer 

(1891)     2:10% 

Fastest   2-year-old,    filly — Janie   T.,   b.,    by   Bow   Bells 

(1897)  ;   Katherine  A.,  b.,  by  Wiggins    (1902) 2:14 

Fastest    2-year-old,    gelding — Endow,    b.,    by    Cecelian 

(1899) 2:14% 

Fastest     3-year-old,     filly — ^Fantasy,     b.,     by     Chimes 

(1893)    2:08% 


124  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

Fastest    3-year-old,    colt — Arion,    b.,    by    Electioneer 

(1892)      2:101/2 

Fastest    3-year-old,    gelding — Peter     Stirling     ch.,    by 

Baronmore    (1901)     2  :liy2 

Fastest   4-year-old,    colt — Directum,   blk.,   by   Director 

(1893) 2:0514 

Fastest     4-year-old,     filly — Fantasy,     b.,     by     Chimes 

(1894)     2:06 

Fastest  4-year-old,  gelding — John  Nolan,  b.,  by  Prod- 
igal   (1898);    Boralma,   ch.,  by  Boreal    (1900)....      2:08 

Fastest   5-year-old,   mare — Lou   Dillon,   ch.,  by   Sidney 

Dillon    (1903) I:58y2 

Fastest    5-year-old    gelding — Major     Delmar,     b.,     by 

Delmar     (1902)      2:05y2 

Fastest  5-year-old,  stallion — Ralph  Wilkes,  ch.,  by 
Red  Wilkes  (1894)  ;  Bingen,  br.,  by  May  King 
(1898)      2:06% 

Fastest  green  performer — Lou  Dillon,  ch.  m.,  by  Sid- 
ney  Dillon    (1903)     I:58y2 

Fastest   green   gelding — Lord   Derby,  b.,   by  Mambrino 

King     (1900)      2:07 

Fastest  green  stallion — Kinney  Lou,  br.,  by  McKinney 

(1903)     2:07% 

THE    BACING    CHAMFIONSHIFS— TBOTTING. 

Fastest   heat — Cresceus,   ch.   h.,    by   Robert   McGregor 

(1901)     2:03% 

Fastest  heat,  mare— Lou  Dillon,  ch.,  by  Sidney  Dillon 

(1903,    to    wagon) 2:04% 

Fastest  heat,  mare — Sweet  Marie,  b.  m.,  by  McKinney 

(1904)      2:04% 

Fastest  heat,  gelding — Tiverton,  b.  g.,  by  Galileo  Rex 

(1904)      2:04y2 

Fastest  heat,  yearling — Pansy  McGregor,  b.  f.,  by  Fer- 
gus  McGregor    (1893) 2  :23% 

Fastest  heat,  2-year-old — Jupe,  b.  c,  by  Allie  Wilkes 

(1896) 2:13% 

Fastest   heat,    3-year-old — Fantasy,    b.    f.,   by    Chimes 

(1893)     2:08% 

Fastest  heat,  4-year-old — Directum,  blk.  c,  by  Direc- 
tor   (1893)     2 :05iA 

Fastest  heat,  5-year-old — Lou  Dillon,  ch.  m.,  by  Sid- 
ney  Dillon    (1903,    to   wagon) 2:04% 

Fastest    heat,    5-year-old — Major    Delmar,    b.     g.,    by 

Delmar     (1902)      2 :05y2 

Fastest  first  heat — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  McGregor 

(1901)     .. 2:0314 

Fastest   second   heat — Tiverton,    b.    g.,   by   Galileo  Rex 

(1904)      2:04y2 

Fastest  third  heat — Sweet  Marie,  b.  m.,  by  McKinney 

(1904)     2:05 

Fastest    fourth    heat — Beauzetta,    ch.    m.,    by    Onward 

(1895)      2:06% 

Fastest    fifth    heat — John    Nolan,    b.    g.,    by    Prodigal 

(1898)     2:08 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  125 

Fastest   sixth   heat — Countess   Eve,   b.    m.,   by   Norval 

(1897)      2:09% 

Fastest  seventh  heat — Monte  Carlo,  b.  g.,  by  Men- 
docino   (1903) 2:07% 

Fastest  eighth  heat — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  Mc- 
Gregor   (1897)     .. 2:11% 

Fastest  ninth  heat — Alix,  b.  m.,  by  Patronage   (1893)      2:09% 

Fastest  dead  heat — Sweet  Marie,  b.  m.,  by  McKinney, 

and  Aristo,  b.  g.,  by  Nushagak    (1904) 2:08% 

Fastest  2-heat  race — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  Mc- 
Gregor    (1901)      2:03%,     2:06% 

Dou    Dillon,    ch.    m.,    by    Sidney     Dillon      (wagon ; 

1903)      2:04%,     2:04% 

Fastest   two   heats   by   mare — Sweet   Marie,   b.    m.,   by 

McKinney     2:04%,     2:06 

Fastest   2-heat  race,  by  a  gelding — The  Monk,  br.,  by 

Chimes    (1902)      2:05%,     2:06% 

Fastest  3-heat  race — Alix,  b.  m.,  by  Patronage   (1894) 

2:06,    2:06%,     2:05% 

Fastest  3-heat  race,  by  a  gelding — Azote,  b.,  by  Whips 

(1895)      2:09y2,     2:051/2.     2:07 

Lord    Derby,   b.,   by   Mambrino    King    (1900) 

2:07,    2:07,     2:08 

Fastest   3-heat   race,   by   a   stallion — Cresceus,   ch.,   by 

Robert   McGregor    (1900) 2:07i/o,   2:06,     2:06 

Fastest  4-heat  race — Dan  T.,  b.  g.,  by  Crawford 
(1903;  Rhythmic  won  first  and  Charley  Herr  third 
heat)     2:06%,    2:07%.    2:08%,      2:07% 

Fastest  5-heat  race — Sweet  Marie,  b.  m.,  by  McKinney 

(1904;   Tiverton  won  first  two  heats) 

2:05%,    2:041/2,    2:05,    2:081/2,      2:09 

Fastest  6-heat  race — Ozanam,  b.  m.,  by  Axtell  (1902  ; 
Major   Delmar  won  first.    Prince  of   Orange  second 

and    third    heats) 

2:09%,    2:09%,    2  :07y2,   2:08,    2:09,     2:09% 

Fastest  7-heat  race — Monte  Carlo,  b.  g.,  by  Mendocino 
(1903 ;    Hawthorne   won   third    and    fourth    and   Dr. 

Strong  fifth  and  sixth  heats) 

...2:07%,   2:07%,   2:06%,   2:08%,  2:09%,   2:13,     2:07% 

Fastest  8-heat  race — Nutbearer,  b.  g.,  by  Nutbreaker 
(1902;  Alice  Carr  won  first,  Rhythmic  second,  Went- 
worth  third  and  Dulce  Cor  fourth  and  sixth  heats) 
2:09%,  2:08%,  2:09%,  2:08%,  2:10%,  2:12% 
2:10%,         2:12 

Fastest  9-heat  race — Alix,  b.  m.,  by  Patronage  (1893; 
Pixley  won  sixth  and  eighth.  Nightingale  seventh. 
Lord  Clinton  fifth  and  Hulda  second  and  third  heats) 
2:07%,  2:10%,  2:101/-,,  2:11%,  2:lli/o,  2:09%, 
2:12%,    2:15%,     2:09% 

TROTTING    TO    WAGON. 

1  mile — Lou   Dillon,   ch.   m.,  by  Sidney  Dillon    (1903)  2:00 
1  mile,  by  a  gelding — The  Abbot,  b.,  by  Chimes  (1900)  2  :05y2 
1  mile,  by  a  stallion — John  A.  McKerron,  b.,  by  Nut- 
wood    Wilkes     (1900) 2:10 


126  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

1  mile  in  a  race — Lou  Dillon,  ch.  m.,  by  Sidney  Dillon 

(1903) 2:04% 

1  mile  in  a  race,  by  a  gelding — Lord  Derby,  b.  g.,  by 
Mambrino    King     (1902) 2:05% 

2  miles — Dexter,  br.  g.,  by  Hambletonian   (1865)  ....      4:56^ 

3  miles — Prince,   cb.   g.,   pedigree  untraeed    (1857)...      7:53% 
5  miles — Fillmore,  ch.  g.,  pedigree  untraeed  (1863)..    13:16 
10    miles — Julia    Aldrich,    ch.    m.,    pedigree    untraeed 

(1858)     29:04% 

20  miles — Controller,  b.  g.,  by  Gen.  Taylor   (1878)..    58:57 
Fastest  2  heats — Lou  Dillon,  ch.  m.,  by  Sidney  Dillon 

(1903) 2:04%,     2:04% 

Fastest    2    heats,    by    a    gelding — Lord    Derby,    b.    g., 

Mambrino  King    (1902) ..: 2:05%,     2:06% 

Fastest  2  heats,  by  a  stallion — John  A.  McKerron,  b. 

h.,    by  Nutwood    Wilkes    (1900) 2:10,     2:11 

Fastest  3  heats — Hopeful,   gr.  g.,  by  Godfrey  Patchen 

(1878)     2:161/2,2:17,     2:17 

Fastest  3-heat  race — Lord  Derby,  b.  g.,  by  Mambrino 

King    (1902;    The  Monk  Won  first  heat)  2  :06V2,  2  :06.     2:06 
Fastest  4-heat  race — Pug,  gr.  g.,  by  Deenwood   (1902; 

Peko  won  first  and  Joe  Watts  third  heat) 

2:141/2,    2:1314,    2:161/2,     2:13 

TROTTING — TEAMS. 

1  mile — The  Monk,  br,  g.,  by  Chimes  and  Equity,  bl. 

g.,    by   Heir-at-Law    (1904) 2:07% 

1  mile  in  a  race — Roseleaf,  blk.  f.,  by  Gold  Leaf,  and 

Sallie  Simmons,  b.  f.,  by  Simmons   (1894) 2:15i4 

TEAMS— TANDEM. 

1  mile — Mambrino  Sparkle,  ch.  m.,  by  Mambrino 
Chief,  Jr.,  and  William  H.,  b.  g.,  by  Young  Wilkes 
(1886)      2:32 

TEAMS — THREE    ABREAST. 

1  mile — Belle  Hamlin,  br.  m. ;  Globe,  br.  m.,  and  Jus- 

tina,  b.  m.,  by  Almont,  Jr.    (1891) 2  :14 

TEAMS — FOUR-IN-HAND. 

1  mile — Damiana,   ch.  m. ;   Bellnut,  ch.   g. ;   Maud  V., 

ch.  m.,  and  Nutspra,  ch.  f.,  all  by  Nutmeg   (1896)      2  :30 

TROTTING — HALF-MILE    TRACK. 

1  mile — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  McGregor   (1903)      2  :08 
1  mile,  by  a  mare — Bush,  blk.,  by  Alcyone    (1897)..      2:11% 
1  mile,  by  a  gelding — Dandy  Jim,  gr.,  by  Young  Jim 

(1897) 2:10% 

3  heats  in  a  race — Pat  L.,  b,  c,  by  Republican   (1896) 

2:12%,    2:101/2,     2:11% 

1  mile,  to  a  wagon — Cresceus,  ch.  h.,  by  Robert  Mc- 
Gregor   (1901) 2:12 

1  mile,  by  a  team — York  Boy,  b.  g.,  by  Wilkes,   Boy 

and  Bemay,  blk.   m.,   by  Baronaise    (1902) 2:12% 


THE    HORSEMAN^W    HANDBOOK.  127 

FACING. 

World's   Champion — Dan   Patch,    by  Joe   Patchen; 

190  4    1:56 

Fastest    Stallion — Dan    Patch,    by    Joe    Patchen; 

1904 1:56 

Fastest   gelding — Prince  Alert,   by  Crown  Prince; 

1903    3:57 

Fastest  mare — Dariel,  by  Alcander;  1903 2:00% 

BEST  RECORDS  FROM  ONE-HALF  TO  FIVE  MILES. 

%  mile — Dan  Patch,  br.  h.,  by  Joe  Patchen   (1903)  ..      0:56 

1  mile — Dan  Patch,  br.   h.,  by  Joe  Patchen    (1904)..      1:56 
lYs    miles — Carl    Wilkes,   eh.   g.,   by   Wilkes   Nutwood 

(1902)     2:20 

1%   miles — Nervolo,  b.  h.,  by  Colbert   (1903) 2:38 

1%    miles — Locanda,    br.    h.,   by   Allerton    (1903)....  3:15% 

2  miles — Dan    Patch,   br.    h.,   by  Joe   Patchen    (1903; 

first   mile   2  :07V2,   second   mile   2:091/2) 4:17 

3  miles — Joe    Jefferson,    b.    h.,    by    Thomas    Jefferson 
(1891)      7:33% 

4  miles — Joe    Jefferson,    b.    h.,    by    Thomas    Jefferson 
(1891)     10:10 

5  miles — Lady  St.  Clair,  b.  m.,  by  St.  Clair   (1874).,    12:54% 
Fastest     stallion — Dan     Patch,    br.,     by     Joe     Patchen 

(1904)     1:56 

Fastest    gelding — Prince   Alert,    b.,    by    Crown    Prince 

(1903)      I:59y2 

Fastest  mare — Dariel,   b.,   by   Alcander    (1903) 2:00% 

Fastest  yearling,   filly — Belle  Acton,  b.,   by   Shadeland 

Onward     (1892)      2:20% 

Fastest  yearling,   colt — Paul  D.  Kelly,  b.,  by  Armont 

(1904)      2:20% 

Fastest  yearling,  gelding — Rollo,  gr.,  by  Jerome  Eddy 

(1891)     2:28y2 

Fastest    2-year-old,     colt — Directly,    blk.,    by     Direct 

(1894)      2:07% 

Fastest  2-year-old,  filly — Extasy,  b.,  by  Baron  Wilkes 

(1898)      2:10y2 

Fastest    3-year-old,    colt — Klatawah,    b.,    by    Steinway 

(1898)      2:05y2 

Fastest    3-year-old,    filly — Little    Squaw,    bl.,    by    Ke- 

wanee    Boy    (1899) 2:09% 

Fastest   3-year-old,   gelding — Agitato,   b.,   by   Steinway 

(1896)  ;   King  of  Diamonds,  b.,  by  Velocity   (1896)      2:09% 
Fastest  4-year-old,  colt — Online,  b.,  by  Shadeland  On- 
ward   (1894)     2:04 

Fastest  4-year-old,  filly — The  Maid,  b.,   by  Hal  Index 

(1899) 2:05% 

Fastest  4-year-old,  gelding — W.  Wood,  b.,  by  Steinway 

(1892)      2:07 

Fastest  5-year-old,  gelding — Coney,  blk.,  by  McKinney 

(1900)      2:02% 

Fastest  5-year-old,  stallion — Searchlight,  br.,  by  Dark 

Night   (1899)  ;  Audubon  Boy,  oh.,  by  J.  J.  Audubon 

(1902)      2:03% 


128  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

Fastest  5-year-old,  mare — Lady  of  the  Manor,  ch.,  by 

Mambrino    King    (1899) 2:04% 

Fastest  green  performer — Tom  Keene,  ch.  g.,  by  West 

Egbert  (1903)  ;  Direct  Hal,  bl.  h.,  by  Direct  (1902)      2:04% 

Fastest   green   mare — Foxie   Curd,    blk.,    by   Gambetta 

Wilkes    (1903)     2:07 

THE   BACINa   CHAMPIONSHIPS— FACING. 

%  mile — Prince  Alert,  b.  g.,  by  Crown  Prince  (1902)  0:57% 
Fastest  heat,  stallion — Star  Pointer,  b.,  by  Brown  Hal 

(1897)      2:00y2 

Fastest     heat,     gelding — Prince     Alert,    b.,    by    Crown 

Prince    (1901)     2:00% 

Fastest  heat,  mare — Fannie  Dillard,  b.,  by  Hal  Dillard 

(1903) 2:03% 

Fastest   heat,   yearling — Belle  Acton,   b.    f.,   by   Shade- 
land   Onward    (1892) 2  :30 

Fastest     heat,     2-year-old — Extasy,    b.    f.,    by    Baron 

Wilkes    (1898)     2 :10y2 

Fastest  heat,  3-year-old — Klatawah,  b.  c,  by  Steinway 

(1898)      2:05y2 

Fastest  heat,  4-year-old — Searchlight,  br.  c,  by  Dark 

Night    (1898)     2:04y2 

Fastest  heat,  5-year-old — Coney,  blk.  g.,  by  McKinney 

(1900)      2:02% 

Fastest  first  heat — Dan  R.,  ch.  g.,  by  Tasco,  Jr.  (1903)  2:01% 
Fastest    second    heat — Prince   Alert,    b.    g.,    by    Crown 

Prince   (1901)    2 :00% 

Fastest  third  heat — Star  Pointer,  b.  h.,  by  Brown  Hal 

(1897) 2:00y2 

Fastest    fourth    heat — Robert    J.,    b.    g.,    by    Hartford 

(1896)      2:02% 

Fastest    fifth    heat — The    Maid,    b.    f.,    by    Hal    Index 

(1899)      2:05% 

Fastest  sixth  heat — Planet,  b.  h.,  by  Bonnie  McGregor 

(1897)      2:06% 

Fastest  seventh  heat — King  Direct,  blk.   h.,  by  Direct 

(1904)      2:07% 

Fastest  dead  heat — Robert  J.,  b.   g.,  by  Hartford  and 

John  R.  Gentry,  b.  h.,  by  Ashland  Wilkes   (1896)  ..      2:04 
Fastest    2-heat    race — Prince    Alert,    b.    g.,    by    Crown 

Prince    (1901)     2:02i4,     2:00% 

Fastest  2-heat  race,   by  a  stallion — Joe  Patchen,  blk., 

by  Patchen  Wilkes    (1899) 2:03,     2  :02y2 

Fastest  2-heat  race,  by  a  mare — Dariel,  b.,  by  Alcan- 

der    (1903)     2:05%,     2:05 

Fastest  3-heat  race — Star  Pointer,  b.  h.,  by  Brown  Hal 

(1896)     2:02y2,    2:03y2,      2:03% 

Fastest  3-heat  race,  divided  heats — Prince  Alert,  b.  g., 

by  Crown  Prince   (1903;   Dan  R.   won  first  heat).. 

2:01%,    2:03%,     2  :03y2 

Fastest   3-heat   race,    by   a   gelding — Robert   J.,   b.,   by 

Hartford    (1894)    2  :03%,  2  :02y2,     2:04% 

Fastest , 3-heat  race,  by  a  mare — Edith  W.,  b.,  by  Ben 

Lomond,    Jr.    (1901) 2:05%,    2:05%,     2:05% 


THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK.  129 

Fastest  4-heat  race — John  M.,  blk.  g.,  by  Paris  (1904 ; 
Dan  R.  won  first  heat,  Gallagher  won  second  heat) 
2:02,   2:06.  2:03 1/2.     2:03% 

Fastest  5-heat  race — Frank  Agan,  b.  g.,  by  Mikagan 
(1896;  Robert  J.  won  first  and  second  heats)... 
2:0314,    2:05,    2:051/2,    2:05V4,     2:06 

Fastest  6-heat  race — Planet,  b.  h.,  by  Bonnie  Mc- 
Gregor   (1897  ;   Aileen   won  first  and   Frank   Bogash 

second    and    third    heats 

2:0714.    2:05%.    2:0414.    2:0514.    2:0714.     2:06% 

Anaconda,  b.  g..  by  Knight    (1898.  Bumps  won  first 

and   second.    Directly    third    heat 

2:04^,    2:04%,    2:05%,    2:05y2.    2:07,     2 :08y4 

Fastest  7-heat  race — The  Maid,  b.  f.,  by  Hal  Index 
(1899;    William   Mc   won   first.   Eyelet   second,   Ace 

third    and    fourth   heats) 

..  ..2:07 Vi,  2:0714,  2:0514.  2:09,  2:05%,  2:07%,     2:08% 

Fastest  8-heat  race — Direction,  bl.  h.,  by  Director 
(1895;   Coleridge  won   first  and  second,   Paul  third 

and   Ben   D.  fourth  and  fifth  heats) 

2:05V4,    2:06%,    2:07^.    2:07yo,    2:01^2.    2:08%, 
2:10,     2:11M, 

Fastest  9-heat  race — Dombey,  Jr.,  br.  h.,  by  Dombey 
(1899  ;  Belle  Colley  won  first  and  sixth,  Marion  G. 
second  and  fifth,  Maxine  fourth  and  seventh  heats) 
2:09^,  2:10,  2:11%,  2:liy2,  2:13^4,  2:15, 
2:12%,    2:15,     2:22% 

Fastest  10-heat  race — Kitty  R.,  b.  f.,  by  Kermiss 
(1898;  Miss  Maymo  won  first,  The  Bishop  second 
and   third,    Tom   Webster   fourth,   Harry   C.   seventh 

and    ninth.    Ding   eighth   heats 

2:liy2.    2:12,    2:13y2,     2:11%,     2:10%,     2:13%, 
2:14%,    2:16%,    2:17%,     2:20 

PACING   TO   WAGON. 

%  mile — John  M.,  bl.  g.,  by  Paris   (1903) I:00y4 

1  mile — Dan  Patch,  br.  h.,  by  Joe  Patchen    (1903)..      1:57% 
1    mile,   by   a  gelding — Little    Boy,   b.    g.,   by   Kenton 

(1901)      2:0iy2 

1    mile,   by   a   mare — Edith   W.,   b.,   by   Ben   Lomond, 

Jr.    (1902)     2:05% 

1    mile    in    a    race — ^Angus   Pointer,   b.   g.,   by    Sidney 

Pointer    (1904)      2:04% 

1  mile  in  a  race,  by  a  mare — Edith  W.,  b.,  by  Ben 

Lomond,  Jr.    (1902) 2  :05% 

1  mile  in  a  race,  by  a  stallion — Fred  S.  Wedgewood, 

rn.,  by  Fred  S.   Wilkes    (1902) 2:07% 

3  miles — Longfellow,  ch.  g.,  by  Red  Bill  (1868) 7:53 

5  miles — Lady  St,  Clair,  b.  m.,  by  St.  Clair   (1874)..    12:54% 
Fastest    2-heat    race — Coney,    bl.     g.,     by     McKinney 

(1900)      2:05%,     2:05% 

Fastest  2-heat  race,  by  a  mare — Edith  W.,  b.,  by  Ben 

Lomond,     Jr.     (1902) 2:05%,     2:05% 

Fastest  2-heat  race,  by  a  stallion — Dr.  Monical,  br.,  by 

Gambetta    Wilkes    (1902) ..^ 2:09%,     2:09% 


3  30  THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 

Fastest  3-heat  race — Angus  Pointer,  b.  g.,  by  Sidney 
Pointer  (1904;  Morning  Star  won  first  heat).... 
2:06%,    2:041/2,     2:06y4 

PACING — TEAMS. 

1  mile — Direct  Hal,  blk.  h.,  and  Prince  Direct,  blk,  h., 

by  Direct   (1902) 2  :05y2 

1  mile  in  a  race — Charley  B.,  bl.  g.,  and  Bobby  Hal, 

b.   g.,  by   Octoroon    (1900) 2:13 

PACING — HALF-MILE   TRACK. 

1  mile — Dan  Patch,  br.  h.,  by  Joe  Patchen   (1904)..      2:03 
1    mile,    by    a     gelding — Prince     Alert,   b.,   by    Crown 

Prince    (1903)     2 :03y2 

1    mile,    by    a   mare — Hetty    G.,    b.    m.,    by   Egg   Hot 

(1904)     2:06 

1  mile  in  a  race — John  R.  Gentry,  b.  h.,  by  Ashland 
Wilkes  (1900)  ;  Prince  Alert,  b.  g.,  by  Crown  Prince 
(1901) 2:04% 

2  heats  in  a  race — Prince  Alert,  b.  g.,  by  Crown 
Prince    (1902)     2:05,     2:05% 

Three  heats  in  a  race — Prince  Alert,  b.  g.,  by  Crown 

Prince    (1899)     2:07,    2:06%,     2:06% 

One  mile  by  a  team — Charley   B.,  bl.   g.,  and  Bobby 

Hal,  b.  g.,  by  Octoroon   (1900) 2  :13 

One  mile  to  wagon — Joe  Patchen,  bl.  h.,  by  Patchen 

Wilkes    (1896)     2:11 


THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK,  131 

TROTTING    CHAMPIONS    FROM    1806. 

Year.  Time. 

1806— Yankee   (saddle) 2:59 

1810 — Berton  Horse   (saddle)    2:481/2 

1824 — Top  Gallant  (saddle)   2:40 

1830— Burster  (saddle)    2:32 

1834 — Edwin   Forrest    (saddle)    2:311/2 

1843 — Lady  Suffolk  (saddle)   2:28 

1844— Lady   Suffolk   (saddle)    2:26y2 

1852 — Tacony    (saddle)    2:26 

1853 — Tacony    (saddle)    2:25y2 

1856 — Flora  Temple    (saddle)    2:24% 

1859— Flora  Temple,   Centreville,  N.  Y 2:22y2 

1859 — Flora  Temple,  Centreville,  N.   Y 2:22 

1859 — Flora  Temple,   Cincinnati    2:21% 

1859 — Flora  Temple,   Kalamazoo   2:19% 

1867 — Dexter,    Boston    2:19 

1867— Dexter,   Buffalo 2:17% 

1871 — Goldsmith   Maid,   Milwaukee    2:17 

1872 — Goldsmith   Maid,    Boston    2 :16% 

1873 — Occidental,    Sacramento   2:16% 

1874— Gildsmith  Maid,  E.  Saginaw  2:14 

1878 — Rarus,  Buffalo   2:13% 

1879— St.   Julien,   Oakland,  Cal 2:12% 

1880 — Maud   S,    Rochester 2:11% 

1880 — St.   Julien,   Rochester   2:10% 

1880 — Maud   S,    Chicago    2:10% 

1881— Maud  S,  Pittsburg   2:10% 

1884 — Jay-Eye-See,   Providence    2:10 

1884 — Maud   S,   Lexington 2:09% 

1884 — Maud   S,    Cleveland    2:09' 

1885— Maud   S.   Cleveland    2:08% 

1891 — Sunol,   Stockton,   Cal 2:08% 

1892 — Nancy  Hanks,    Chicago    2:07% 

1892 — Nancy  Hanks,  Independence,  la 2:05% 

1892 — Nancy    Hanks,    Terre   Haute 2:04 

1894— Alix,    Galesburg.    Ill 2:03% 

1900 — The  Abbot.  Ten-e  Haute  2:03% 

1901 — Cresceus,   Cleveland   2:02% 

1901 — Cresceus,    Columbus    2:02% 

1903 — Lou  Dillon,  Readville   2:00 

1903 — Major  Delmar,  Empire  City  (with  shield)....  2:00 

1903 — Lou  Dillon,  Memphis  (with  shield) l  -.bSYz 

1904— Major  Delmar,  Memphis 2:01^ 

19  04— Lou  Dillon,  Memphis 2:01 


132  THE    HOESEIMAN-'S    HANDBOOK. 


A   BARB   WIRE   DRAG. 

"I  have  used  the  barb  wire  harrow  on  the  track 
and  the  pastures  at  my  farm  for  some  years,"  writes 
a  prominent  breeder,  "and  find  it  about  the  most 
useful  implement  on  tne  place,  especially  in  its  work 
on  pastures.  Frequently,  and  at  least  once  a  month 
during  the  pasture  sea.son,  I  drag  my  fields  both 
ways  with  a  barb  wire  drag  I  make  on  the  place.  It 
thoroughly  distributes  and  pulverizes  the  droppings, 
thus  preventing  the  growth  of  rank  grass  about  them 
and  tends  to  prevent  the  pastures  from  becoming  hide 
bound,  and  for  these  purposes  I  find  it  far  superior  to 
any  drag  or  harrow  made.  It  is  also  by  far  the  best 
drag  to  use  in  covering  grass  seed. 

"To  make  it  take  a  2x4,  16  feet  long,  and  every  21/2 
inches  fasten  with  staples  a  strand  of  barb  wire  20 
to  24  feet  long,  and  about  4  to  6  feet  back  from  this 
2x4  place  another  one,  stapling  the  wire  fast  to  it.  In 
order  to  keep  the  wire  from  curling  up  while  it  is 
being  made  tack  the  free  end  of  each  wire  to  a 
board  laid  parallel  to  the  2x4.  When  it  is  finished, 
turn  it  over  so  that  the  2x4s  will  be  on  top,  take 
away  the  board  the  ends  are  tacked  to  and  let  them 
curl  up.  Hitch  the  team  quite  a  distance  from  it 
so  that  the  draft  will  not  lift  it  from  the  ground, 
throw  a  plank  across  ihe  ends  that  have  curled  up, 
so  as  to  press  them  into  the  grass,  and  it  is  ready 
for  use. 

"It  is  a  wicked  thing  to  have  around  where  there 
is  young  stock.  I  always  remove  every  animal  from 
the  field  it  is  being  used  in,  and  have  a  safe  place 
to  keep  in  when  not  in  use.  As  it  is  sixteen  feet  wide 
it  does  not  take  long  to  cross-drag  a  forty-acre  field. 
In  using  it  after  grass  seed  sowing,  take  off  the'  plank 
used  to  weight  it,  and  I  generally  find  that  dragging 
the  field  one  way  is  suflScient.  I  then  put  the  roller 
on  the  field." 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

HIGH  PRICES  PAID  FOR  HORSES. 


133 


Trotters. 


The  price  paid  for  Arion,  $125,000,  is  the  highest 
ever  paid  for  a  trotter.  Ormonde,  a  thoroughbred, 
sold  for  $150,000.  The  list  of  horses,  trotters  and 
thoroughbreds  that  have  brought  big  prices  is: 

Thoroughbreds. 

Flying  Fox $19  6,0  00 

Ormonde   150,000 

St.  Blaise 100,000 

MedMr 75.000 

Hamburg 60,000 

Hermis 60,000 

Nasturtium 50,000 

Kentucky 40,000 

Henry  Navarre 'lOOdO 

Verneuil    39,000 

King-  Thomas  ....      38.000 

Bolero    35.000 

Iroquois    34,000 

Tournament    33,000 

Ryon  d'Or 33,000 

The  Earl    30,500 

G.  W.  Johnson 30,000 

San  Domingo 30,000 

Galore    30,000 

Bonnie  Scotland..  .      30,000 

Don  Alonzo 30,000 

Kingston 30,000 

Dewdrop    29,500 

Potomac    25,000 

Virgil    25,000 

Dobbins    22,000 

Cantinere    20,500 

Luke  Blackburn.  ..  20,000 
Duke  of  Magenta.  20,000 
Sir  Francis 20,000 

KEEP  THE  FEET  CLEAN, 
Each  time  the  horse  comes  into  the  stable  the  feet 
should  be  lifted  and  cleaned  with  a  hook.  Where 
this  is  done  there  will  be  far  fewer  cases  of  nail 
prick,  for  it  is  a  very  common  thing  for  a  nail  to 
lie  alongside  of  the  frog  or  in  the  cleft,  doing  no 
harm  until  the  horse  happens  to  tip  the  nail  in 
pawing;  then  it  is  stepped  upon  and  the  mischief  is 
done.  This  practice  also  saves  horses  from  becom- 
ing troubled  with  "thrush,"  for  the  disease  is  noticed 
at  its  inception  and  is  then  easily  cured  by  applica- 
tion of  calomel  and  the  more  careful  cleansing  of 
the  stable. 


Arion,    3 

.$125,000 

Axtell,   3 

.    105,000 

Dan  Patch 

.      60,000 

Anteeo  

.      55,000 

Bell  Boy 

.      51,000 

McKinney  

.      .'iO.OOO 

Stamboul   

.      50.000 

Nancy  Hanks   .  .  . 

.      45,000 

Stamboul   

.      41,000 

Sunol    

.      41,000 

Major  Delmar. .  . . 

.      40,000 

Acolyte    

.      40,000 

Maud  S 

.      40,000 

Smuggler 

.      40,000 

Pocahontas    

.      40,000 

Rarus    

.      36,000 

Antevolo   

.      35,000 

Dexter    

.      33,000 

Goldsmith  Maid.. 

.      32,000 

Jay  Gould   

.      30,000 

Lady  Thorne 

.      30,000 

Blackwood    

.      30,000 

Prince  Wilkes .  . . . 

.      30,000 

Pancoast  

.      28,000 

Gov.   Sprague .  . . . 

.      27,500 

Patron   

.      27,500 

Constantine 

.      27,000 

Sidney   

.      27,000 

Mascot    

.      26,000 

134  THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK. 

WHAT'S  A  GIG  HORSE? 

The  award  of  the  Waldorf-Astoria  cup  to  Lord  Bril- 
liant at  the  National  Horse  Show  caused  a  renewal 
of  the  discussion  among  horsemen  as  to  the  propriety 
of  picking  out  a  goer  only  14.31/2  hands  high  as  being 
suitable  for  a  gig. 

F,  M.  Ware,  who  judged  the  heavy  harness  horses 
at  Chicago,  criticized  the  award,  maintaining  that  no 
animal  of  Lord  Brilliant's  inches  ought  to  receive  a 
prize  as  a  gig  horse,  no  matter  how  brilliant  his 
action',  how  dashing  his  style  or  how  perfect  his 
conformation  and  quality.  Mr.  Ware  takes  the  posi- 
tion that  all  standard  gigs  are  substantially  of  one 
size,  and  that  a  horse  like  Lord  Brilliant  would  look 
lost  between  the  shafts. 

Although  many  other  experts  are  of  the  same  opin- 
ion, the  decisions  of  the  judges  at  the  National  Horse 
Show  do  not  sustain  this  view,  past  winners  of  the 
Waldorf-Astoria  cup  having  varied  in  size  from  14.3% 
hands  to  15. 3^^  hands.  It  must  be  added,  however, 
that  they  have  varied  in  type  also,  for  between  Lord 
Brilliant  and  Red  Cloud  there  is  as  much  difference 
in  conformation  as  there  is  in  height. 

Gigs,  like  victorias  and  cabriolets,  are  nowadays 
built  in  all  sizes  to  suit  the  requirements  of  the  per- 
sons using  them.  As  a  petite  woman  appears  to  bet- 
ter advantage  in  a  miniature  victoria  than  in  one  of 
the  great  C  spring  carriages,  so,  it  would  seem,  a  man 
of  small  stature  requires  a  small  gig  and  a  small 
horse  to  maintain  harmony  and  balance  in  his  equip- 
age. 

TO  START  A  BALKY  HORSE. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  been  caused  a 
great  deal  of  anxiety  by  a  balky  horse,  lost  trains  as 
well  as  tempers,  and  even  sometimes  ruined  the 
horse,  the  next  time  they  have  the  experience  to 
run  across  a  balky  horse,  no  matter  how  bad  he  is. 
let  me  tell  you  how  to  start  him  ninety  times  out  of 
100.  Of  course,  it  may  fail  one  time  in  a  hundred. 
When  a  horse  balks,  no  matter  how  badly  he  sulks 
or  how  ugly  he  is,  do  not  beat  him;  don't  throw  sand 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK,  135 

in  his  ears;  don't  use  a  rope  on  his  forelegs,  or  even 
burn  straw  under  him.  Quietly  go  and  pat  him  on 
the  head  a  moment;  take  a  hammer  or  even  pick  up 
a  stone  in  the  street;  tell  Ihe  driver  to  sit  still;  take 
his  lines,  hold  them  quietly;  while  you  life  up  either 
front  foot;  give  each  nail  a  light  tap  and  a  good 
smart  tap  on  the  frog;  drop  the  foot  quickly,  then 
chirp  to  him  to  go.  In  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  100 
the  horse  will  go  right  on  about  his  business,  but  the 
driver  must  keep  his  lines  taut  and  not  pull  or  jerk 
him  back.  If  I  have  tried  this  once,  I  have  tried  it 
500  times,  and  every  time  I  have  suggested  it  people 
have  laughed  and  even  bet  $5  and  bottles  of  wine 
that  I  could  not  do  it.  So  far  I  have  won  every  bet. 
This  makes  you  smile,  but  a  horse  has  more  common 
sense  than  most  people  are  willing  to  give  him  credit 
for.  The  secret  of  this  little  trick  is  simply  diver- 
sion. I  am  a  firm  believer  that  with  kindness  and 
proper  treatment  a  horse  can  be  driven  with  a 
string. — Horseshoers'  Journal. 

ABOUT  CLIPPING  HORSES. 

A  word  about  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
clipping  horses,  as  a  subject  of  interest  to  all  our 
friends. 

First — The  natural  process  of  moulting  or  shed- 
ding the  hair  is  a  draft  on  the  vitality  of  the  animal. 
The  appetite  is  diminished,  and  with  a  work  or 
pleasure  horse  exertion  is  irksome  during  the  period. 
Clipping,  or  artificial  removal  of  the  hair,  accom- 
plished in  a  very  short  space  of  time  what  Nature 
requires  much  more  time  to  do.  In  other  words, 
Nature  is  anticipated  in  her  work  and  the  animal's 
system  is  saved  a  call  upon  it. 

Second — A  clipped  horse  is  less  liable  to  take  cold 
than  a  long-coated  horse,  because  the  evaporation  of 
perspiration  is  more  rapid.  A  "hot"  horse  will  cool 
out  quicker  with  a  short  coat.  Every  groom  is  aware 
of  this  fact. 

Third — A  clipped  horse  requires  less  fuel  (food) 
to  maintain  bodily  heat  than  the  long-coated  horse; 


136  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

therefore  clipping  as  a  matter  of  economy  should  be 
generally  practiced. 

Fourth — A  clipped  horse  looks  cleaner,  acts  more 
sprightly  and  keeps  in  better  health.  Horses  intended 
for  the  sale  or  show  ring  should  be  clipped  at  least 
two  weeks  before  the  event. 

HORSE    ASSOCIATIONS    AND    REGISTERS. 

TROTTING    AND    PACING. 

National  Trotting  Association — W.  H.  Gocher,  secre- 
tary, Hartford,  Conn. 

American  Trotting  Association — W.  H.  Knight,  sec- 
retary, Chicago,   111. 

American  Trotting  Register  Association — F.  E. 
Best,  Chicago,  111. 

National  Association  of  Trotting  Horse  Breeders — 
L.  D.  Packer,  secretary.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Parson's  National  Standard  Register  of  Pacing 
Horses — Thomas  C.  Parsons,  Cleveland,  O. 

The  Morgan  Horse  Breeders'  Association — Delos  Dun- 
ton,  secretary,  Carpentersville,  111. 

The  Morgan  Register — Joseph  Battel,  editor,  Middle- 
bury,  Vt. 

THOROUGHBllEDS,    ETC. 

American  Stud  Book — James  E.  Wheeler,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
Goodwin's  Turf  Guide,  241  Broadway,  New  York  City. 
Jockey  Club,  173  Fifth  avenue.  New  York  City. 
Steeplechase,  Hunt  and  Pony  Racing  Association — H. 

A.  Berek,  32  Broad  street,  New  York  City. 

DRAFT,  COACH  AND  SADDLE  BREEDS. 

American  Association  of  Importers  and  Breeders  of 
Belgian  Draft  Horses — J.  D.  Conner,  Jr.,  Wabash, 
Ind.,  secretary. 

American  Breeders'  Association  of  Jacks  and  Jen- 
nets— J.  W.  Jones,  Columbia,  Tenn.,  secretary. 

American  Clydesdale  Association — R.  B.  Ogilvie, 
Union  Stock  Yards,  Chicago,  secretary. 

American  Hackney  Horse  Society — A.  H.  Godfrey, 
New  York,  secretary. 


THE    HORSEIMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  131 

American  Percheron  Horse  Breeders  and  Importers' 

Association — Geo.  W.   Stubblefield,  Bloomington, 

111.,  secretarj^ 
American  Saddle  Horse  Breeders'  Association — I.  B. 

Nail,  Louisville,  Ky.,  secretary. 
American   Shetland   Pony   Club — Mortimer  Levering, 

Lafayette,  Ind.,  secretary. 
American   Shire   Horse  Breeders'  Association — Chas. 

Burgess,  Wenona,  111.,  secretary. 
American  Suffolk  Horse  Association — Alexander  Gal- 

braith.  Janesville,  Wis.,  secretary. 
Cleveland  Bay  Society  of  America — R.  P.  Stericker, 

East  Orange,  N.  J.,  secretary. 
French     Coach    Horse    Society    of    America — S.    D. 

Thompson,  Chicago,  secretary. 
German,    Hanovarian    and    Oldenburg    Coach    Horse 

Breeders'  Association — J.  Crouch,  Lafayette,  Ind., 

secretary. 
National    French    Draft    Horse    Association — C.    E. 

Stubbs,  Fairfield,  la.,  secretary. 
Oldenburg  Coach  Horse  Association  of  America — C. 

E.  Stubbs,  Fairfield,  la.,  secretary. 

THE    HORSE   PAPERS. 

The  following  are  the  turf  journals  and  the  yearly 
subscription  price. 

We  take   subscription  for  nearly  all  of  them  and 
will  also  place  advertising  in  any  one  or  all  of  these 
given  for  our  clients.     We  can  furnish  special  rates 
where  more  than  one  paper  is  wanted. 
Boston,    Mass. — The    American    Horse    Breeder, 

$2.00 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.— The  Horse  World, 2.00 

Chicago,  111. — The  Horseman,  3.00 

Chicago,  111. — The  Horse  Review 2.00 

Chicago,  111. — The  Breeders'  Gazette  (all  breeds)   2.00 

Cleveland,  O. — The  American  Sportsman 2.00 

Des  Moines,  la.— Spirit  of  the  West 1.00 

Indianapolis,  Ind. — The  Western  Horseman 2.00 

Lexington,  Ky. — Kentucky  Stock  Farm 2.00 

Lexington,     Ky.  —  The     Thoroughbred     Record 

(thoroughbred)    2.00 


138  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

Minneapolis,    Minn. — The    Minnesota   Horseman 

(monthly)     1.00 

New  York,  N.  Y. — The  Trotter  and  Pacer 2.00 

New  York,  N.  Y.— The  Rider  and  Driver 4.00 

San   Francisco,   Cal. — The   Breeder   and   Sports- 
man     5.00 

Toronto,  Ont. — The  Canadian  Sportsman 2.00 

Waterville,  Me. — Turf  Farm  and  Home 1.50 

London,  Eng.— The  Trotting  World  (monthly) . .  1.00 


THE    HORSEMAN-'S    HANDBOOK.  139 


HOW  TO  GROOM  A  HORSE. 

The  few  stable  hanas  who  know  how  to  groom  a 
horse  properly,  are  generally  too  indolent  to  do  it. 
It  is  quite  an  art  to  clean  a  horse  as  he  should  he 
cleaned,  and  it  is  no  easy  job.  For  that  reason  he  is 
seldom  groomed  as  he  should  be.  A  groom  must  be 
active,  strong  and  experienced.  Every  inch  of  the 
horse,  beginning  at  the  head,  should  be  gone  over 
thoroughly  with  brush,  comb  and  rag.  A  man  who 
would  not  much  rather  take  care  of  his  own  horse, 
providing  he  has  the  time,  has  not  true  love  for  the 
horse.  No  animal  will  repay  one  for  care  and  atten- 
tion like  the  horses.  He  will  show  it  not  only  in 
appearance  externally,  but  in  health  and  spirits. 
Good  grooming  will  do  as  much  in  improving  the 
condition  of  a  horse  as  an  additional  four  quarts  of 
oats  per  day. 

In  grooming  a  horse  properly  he  should  be  tied 
from  side  to  side  so  that  he  cannot  throw  his  head 
around  and  work  himself  all  over  the  floor,  which  he 
is  sure  to  do  under  the  comb  if  he  is  not  of  a  dis- 
position too  phlegmatic  to  feel  the  scratching.  A 
good  brush  and  comb  are  required  as  well  as  a  broom- 
corn  brush  for  the  mane  and  tail.  Never  use  the 
comb  on  the  horse's  head.  If  he  has  any  spirit  at  all 
he  will  not  endure  it.  Take  the  brush  in  the  right 
hand  and  the  head  stall  in  the  left  steady  his  head 
while  brushing  gently,  and  then  with  the  comb  in 
the  left  hand  curry  the  neck  from  behind  the  ear 
and  the  entire  right  side.  Go  through  the  same 
process  on  the  left  side;  leave  no  space  untouched. 
After  currying  take  the  brush  and  brush  the  hair 
the  wrong  way,  scraping  the  brush  at  intervals  with 
the  comb  to  clean  it.  Then  go  the  right  way  with  the 
brush;  follow  the  brush  with  a  woolen  rag — rubbing 
the  hair  up  and  then  smoothing  it.  Don't  spare 
elbow  grease  and  the  horse  will  show  his  keep  and 
act  as  he  feels. 


140  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

THE  RULES  FOR  REGISTRATION. 

THE  TROTTING  STANDARD. 

In  order  to  define  what  constitutes  a  standard-bred 
trotting  horse,  and  to  establish  a  Breed  of  trotters  on 
a  more  intelligent  basis,  the  following  rules  are 
adopted  to  control  admission  to  registration.  When 
an  animal  meets  the  requirements  of  admission  and 
is  duly  registered,  it  shall  be  accepted  as  a  standard- 
bred  trotting  animal. 

1 — The  progeny  of  a  registered  standard  trotting 
horse  and  a  registered  .standard  trotting  mare. 

2 — A  stallion  sired  by  a  registered  standard  trot- 
ting horse,  provided  his  dam  and  grandam  were  sired 
by  resigtered  standard  trotting  horses,  and  he  him- 
self has  a  trotting  record  of  2:30  and  is  the  sire  of 
three  trotters  with  records  of  2:30,  from  different 
mares. 

3 — A  mare  whose  sire  is  a  registered  standard  trot- 
ting horse,  and  whose  dam  and  grandam  were  sired 
by  registered  standard  trotting  horses,  provided  she 
herself  has  a  trotting  record  of  2:30  or  is  the  dam 
of  one  trotter  with  a  record  of  2:30. 

4 — A  mare  sired  by  a  registered  standard  trotting 
horse,  provided  she  is  the  dam  of  two  trotters  with 
records  of  2:30. 

5 — A  mare  sired  by  a  registered  standard  trotting 
horse,  provided  her  lirst,  second  and  third  dams  are 
each  sired  by  a  registered  standard  trotting  horse. 

THE    PACING     STANDARD. 

In  order  to  define  what  constitutes  a  standard-bred 
pacing  horse  and  to  establish  a  breed  of  pacers  on  a 
more  intelligent  basis,  the  following  rules  are  adopted 
to  control  admission  to  registration.  When  an  animal 
meets  the  requirements  of  admission  and  is  duly  reg- 
istered, it  shall  be  accepted  as  a  standard-bred  pacing 
animal. 

1 — The  progeny  of  a  registered  standard  pacing 
horse  and  a  registered  standard  pacing  mare. 


THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK.  141 

2 — A  stallion  sired  by  a  registered  standard  pacing 
horse,  providing  his  dam  and  grandam  were  sired 
by  registered  standard  pacing  horses,  and  he  himself 
has  a  pacing  record  of  2:25,  and  is  the  sire  of  three 
pacers  with  records  of  2:25,  from  different  mares. 

3 — A  mare  whose  sire  is  a  registered  standard  pac- 
ing horse  and  whose  dam  and  grandam  were  sired  by 
registered  standard  pacing  horses,  provided  she  her- 
self has  a  pacing  record  of  2:25,  or  is  the  dam  of 
one  pacer  with  a  record  of  2:25. 

4 — A  mare  sired  by  a  registered  standard  pacing 
horse,  provided  she  is  the  dam  of  two  pacers  with 
records  of  2:25. 

5 — A  mare  sired  by  a  registered  standard  pacing 
horse,  provided  her  first,  second  and  third  dams  are 
each  sired  by  a  registered  standard  pacing  horse. 

6 — -The  progeny  of  a  registered  standard  trotting 
horse  oiit  of  a  registered  standard  pacing  mare,  or  of 
a  registered  standard  pacing  horse  out  of  a  registered 
standard  trotting  mare. 

TROT  CLOSE  TO  THE  POLE. 

A  half  mile  circle  measured  three  feet  from  the 
inside  fence  will  measure  2,640  feet  or  exactly  a  half 
mile,  hence  a  horse  trotting  outside  that  limit  will 
travel  just  so  much  farther  than  a  mile  as  the  fol- 
lowing table  shows: 


Distance 

Number 

Feet. 

>m  the  pole. 

of  feet. 

over  a  mile. 

5  feet 

5,342.0 

62.0 

10    " 

5,405.6 

126.6 

15     " 

5,468.4 

188.4 

20     " 

5,531.2 

251.2 

25     " 

5,594.0 

314.0 

30     " 

5,656.8 

376.8 

THE    HORSEMAN^S    HANDBOOK. 


TEXT  OP  THE  INDIANA  LAW  AGAINST 
"RINGING." 

1 — In  order  to  encourage  the  breeding  of,  and  im- 
provement in,  trotting  and  pacing  horses  in  the  State 
of  Indiana,  it  is  hereby  made  unlawful  for  any  per- 
son or  persons  knowingly  to  enter,  or  cause  to  be 
entered  for  competition,  or  knowingly  to  compete 
with  any  horse,  mare,  gelding,  colt  or  filly  under  any 
other  than  its  true  name  or  out  of  its  proper  class  for 
any  purse,  prize,  premium,  stake  or  sweepstakes 
offered  or  given  by  any  agricultural  or  other  society, 
association,  person  or  persons  in  the  State  of  Indiana, 
where  such  prize,  purse,  premium,  stake  or  sweep- 
stakes is  to  be  decided  by  a  contest  of  speed. 

2 — Any  person  or  persons  found  guilty  of  a  viola- 
tion of  section  1  of  this  act  shall  upon  conviction 
thereof  be  imprisoned  in  the  state's  prison  for  a 
period  of  not  less  than  one  year  or  more  than  three 
years,  or  imprisoned  in  the  county  jail  of  the  county 
in  which  he  is  convicted  for  any  definite  period  not 
less  than  six  months  or  shall  be  fined  in  any  sum  not 
less  than  one  hundred  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hun- 
dred dollars.  The  name  of  any  horse,  mare,  gelding, 
colt  or  filly,  for  the  purpose  of  entry  for  competition 
or  performance  in  any  contest  of  speed,  shall  be  the 
name  under  which  said  horse  has  publicly  performed 
and  shall  not  be  changed  after  once  so  performed,  or 
having  contested  for  a  prize,  purse,  premium,  stake 
or  sweepstakes,  except  as  provided  by  the  code  of 
printed  rules  of  the  society  or  association  under 
which  the  contest  is  advertised  to  be  conducted. 


THE    HOESEMAN^S    HANDBOOK.  143 

HOW  TO  LAY  OUT  TRACKS. 

In  giving  these  rules  they  are  just  for  the  ordinary 
home-made  track,  as  for  any  other  a  professional's 
services  should  be  secured. 

HALF-MILE. 

For  a  half-mile  track  draw  two  parallel  lines  600 
feet  long  and  452  feet  and  5  inches  apart.  Half-way 
between  the  extreme  ends  of  the  two  parallel  lines 
drive  a  stake;  then  loop  a  wire  around  the  stake  long 
enough  to  reach  to  either  side.  Then  make  a  true 
curve  with  the  wire,  putting  down  a  stake  as  often  as 
a  fence  post  is  needed.  When  this  operation  is  fin- 
ished at  both  ends  of  the  600  foot  parallel  lines,  the 
track  is  laid  out.  The  inside  fence  will  rest  exactly 
on  the  line  drawn  from  the  fence.  The  turns  should 
be  thrown  up  an  inchj  or  an  inch  and  an  eighth,  to 
the  foot.  The  stretches  may  be  anywhere  from  forty- 
five  to  sixty  feet  wide. 

ONE   MILE. 

For  a  mile  track,  draw  a  line  through  an  oblong 
center  400  yards  in  length,  setting  a  stake  at  each 
end.  Then  draw  a  line  on  either  side  of  the  first 
line,  exactly  parallel  with  and  417  feet  and  two  inches 
from  it,  setting  a  stake  at  either  end  of  them.  You 
will  then  have  an  oblong  square  440  yards  long  and 
834  feet  four  inches  wide.  At  each  end  of  these 
three  lines  set  slakes.  Now  fasten  a  cord  or  wire 
417  feet  and  two  inches  long  to  the  center  stake  of 
your  parallelogram  and  describe  a  half  circle,  driving 
stakes  as  often  as  you  wish  to  set  a  fence  post. 
When  the  circle  is  made  at  both  ends  of  your  paral- 
lelogram you  will  have  two  straight  sides  and  two 
half  circles,  which,  measured  three  feet  from  the 
fence  will  be  exactly  a  mile.  The  turn  should  be 
thrown  up  an  inch,  or  an  inch  and  an  eighth,  to  the 
foot. 

KITE   TRACK. 

This  track  is  simply  a  track  with  two  one-third 
mile  stretches  and  a  turn  of  the  same  length.  This 
track  was  designed  for  speed  and  speed  alone,  hence 
the  average  reader  will  not  be  interested  in  minute 
details  of  its  construction. 


144  THE    HORSEMAN'S    HANDBOOK. 

BOOKS    FOR    STALLION   OWNERS. 


Hoover's  Stallion  Service   Record. 

The  most  complete  book  for  recording  stallion  serv- 
ice ever  placed  before  breeders.  Not  a  pocket  edition. 
No  more  disputing  of  sires.  No  more  mixing  of  dams 
where  this  book  is  used.  There  is  space  for  entering 
100  mares,  giving  their  full  breeding  description, 
dates  of  service,  dates  of  foaling,  with  a  page  for 
tabulating  pedigree  of  stallion  in  use,  etc.,  etc.,  with 
index,  complete,  size  10x7 i-j-  Each  book  is  hand- 
somely and  substantially  bound.  Can  be  used  for  any 
kind  of  pedigreed  stock $2.00 

The  Standard  Stallion  Service  Book. 

The  neatest  Service  Bock  published,  containing 
space  for  entering  100  mares,  giving  space  for  full 
description,  pedigree,  date  of  services  and  refusals, 
date  of  foaling,  etc.,  with  index  complete,  neatly 
bound  in  leatherine,  suitable  for  pocket  use.  Can  be 
used  for  any  kind  of  pedigreed  stock $1.00 

Breeder's  Note  and  Certificate  Book  and  Stallion  Serv- 
ice Book  Combined. 

This  book  contains  75  blank  certificates  to  be  given 
to  owners  of  mares,  certifying  that  said  mare  has 
been  bred  to  a  certain  stallion.  Also  75  notes  suitable 
for  owner  of  mare  giving  to  owner  of  stallion  on 
account  of  stallion  service  fee.  This  book  is  well 
bound,  and  makes  a  book  like  No.  2,  after  certificates 
and  notes  have  been  removed.  Can  be  used  for  any 
kind  of  pedigreed  stock $1.00 

All  three   to   one  address  for  $3.00. 

Tabulating"  Blanks  for  Extending*  Pedigrees  of  Blooded 
Stock. 

Small  blanks  25c  per  dozen,  5c  each.  Neatly  ruled 
blanks,  14x17,  50c  per  dozen,  4  for  25c,  10c  each. 
Large  handsome  blanks  suitable  for  framing,  19x24, 
six  for  $1.00;  25c  each. 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago, 


THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK.  I45 

HORSE  BOOKS. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  standard  hooks  on 
horse  matters.    We  will  send  them  to  any  address  on 
receipt  of  price: 

Ed.  Geers'  Experience  with  the  Trotters  and  Facers. — 

How  America's  greatest  trainer  and  driver  trains  and 
drives  in  races.  Also  instruction  about  conditioning, 
training  and  caring  for  horses,  before  and  during  rac- 
ing.     Price  prepaid $2.00 

Training*  the  Trotting"  Horse. — By  Charles  Marvin. 
This  great  practical  horse  book  explains  in  every  detail 
the  remarkable  success  of  Charles  Marvin  and  the  whole 
plans  and  methods  pursued  at  Palo  Alto  as  to  breaking, 
training,  shoeing,  gaiting,  driving,  keeping,  racing  and 
breeding  trotters,  from  foaling  time  up.  Prepaid.  .$3.50 
The  Eclectic  Hops'-  Tani'  r.  Trainer  and  K«liicator.— 
By  J.  W*  Mercer,  the  well  known  trainer  and  turf  writer,  is  a 
complete  text-book  on  horseman»;hip  in  all  its  departments.  It 
t«achps  how  to  take  the  wild  colt  from  the  pasture,  or  the  bronco 
from  the  plKins  and  convert  him  into  a  tractable  gentle  horse. 
Price,  prepaid $2.00 

Sanders'  Horse  Breeding". — Being  the  general  prin- 
ciples of  heredity,  applied  to  the  business  of  breeding 
horses  and  the  management  of  stallions,  brood  mares 
and  foals.  The  book  embraces  all  that  the  breeder 
should  know  in  regard  to  the  selection  of  stock,  man- 
agement of  the  stallion,  brood  mare  and  foal,  and  treat- 
ment of  diseases  peculiar  to  brooding  animals.  Prepaid 
to    any   address $2.00 

The  Parmer's  Veterinary  Advisor. — A  guide  to  the 
prevention  and  treatment  of  diseases  in  domestic  ani- 
mals, by  James  Law,  Professor  of  Veterinary  Science  in 
Cornell  University;  Veterinary  Alumnus  of  the  Highland 
and  Agricultural  Society  of  Scotland;  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons  of  Great  Britain. 
The  most  valuable  work  on  the  subject  extant.  Tenth 
edition.  Over  600  pages  and  numerous  illustrations. 
Price,  prepaid $3.00 

Diseases  of  Horses  and  Cattle. — Written  especially  for 
the  farmer,  stockman  and  veterinary  student,  by  D. 
Mcintosh,  professor  of  Veterinary  Science  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Illinois.     Price,  prepaid $2.00 

Emerson  Binders. — For  filing  all  turf  papers.  Price 
$1.60.  These  answer  not  only  a  file  to  preserve  each 
number  as  it  is  received,  but  form  a  permanent  binding 
for  the  volume  at  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  People's  Horse,  Cattle,  Sheep  and  Swine  Doctor. — 
Nearly  350  pages,  with  over  200  illustrations,  containing 
in  four  parts  clear  and  concise  descriptions  of  the  dis- 
eases of  the  respective  animals,  with  the  exact  doses 
of  medicine  for  each.     Price $2.00 

The  Pocket  Veterinarian's  Remembrancer. — Being  con- 
cise direction  for  the  treatment  of  urgent  and  rare 
By    George   Armatage.     Price $1.25 


146  THE  HORSEMAN'S  HANDBOOK. 

Dadd's  Modem  Horse  Doctor. — Containing  practical 
observation  on  the  causes,  nature  and  treatment  of  dis- 
eases and  lameness  of  horses.  Illustrated.  By  George 
H.  Dadd,  M.  D.,  V.  S.     Price,  cash $1.50 

I^ameness  of  Horses. — By  A.  Liautard,  M.  D.,  V.  S. 
A  most  valuable  treatise  of  one  of  the  most  prevalent 
ailments  among  horses.     Price $2.50 

Wallace's  American  Trottingf  Reg-ister. — Containing 
the  pedigrees  of  standard-bred  trotters  and  pacers  and 
an  appendix  of  non-standard  animals.  Cloth;  $5.00  a 
volume.     Special  price  for  entire  set  of  16  volumes. 

Index  Digrest  of  Wallace's  Trotting-  Register. — Con- 
tains a  complete  alphabetical  list,  with  condensed  pedi- 
grees of  all  standard  stallions,  standard  mares  and  geld- 
ings and  non-standard  animals  registered  in  the  first 
ten  volumes  of  the  American  Trotting  Register,  Hand- 
somely and  substantially  bound  in  cloth;  $7.50 

Wallace's  Tear  Book.— Vol.  II,  1886,  $1.60;»Vol.  III., 
1887,  out  of  print;  Vol.  IV.,  1888,  $2.50;  Vol.  V.,  1889, 
$2.50;  Vol.  VI.,  1889,  $2.50;  Vol.  VII.,  1891,  $2.50;  Vol. 
VIII.,  1892  (two  vols.),  $5.00;  Vol.  IX,  1893,  $3.00;  Vols. 
X.   to  XVIIL,   $4.00  each. 

Eowden's  the  Horse;  How  to  Buy  and  Sell. — Giving 
the  points  which  distinguish  a  sound  from  an  unsound 
horse.     By  Peter  Howden.     Price $1.00 

Herbert's  Hints  to  Horsekeepers. — A  complete  manual 
for  horsemen,  embracing:  How  to  Breed  a  Horse;  How 
to  Feed  a  Horse;  How  to  Buy  a  Hor^e;  How  to  Physic 
a  Horse  (Allopathy  or  Homoeopathy) ;  How  to  Groom  a 
Horse;  How  to  Ride  a  Horse,  etc.     Price $1.75 

£aw's  Veterinary  Adviser. — A  guide  to  the  prevention 
and  treatment  of  disease  in  domestic  animals.  By 
Prof.  James   Law.     Price $3.00 

McClure's  American  Gentleman's  Stable  Guide. — Giv- 
ing the  most  approved  methods  of  feeding,  grooming 
and  general  management  of  the  horse.  By  Robert  Mc- 
Clure,  M.  D.,  V.   S.     Price $1.00 

Scifentific  Horse  Shoeing*. — Or  diseases  of  the  foot.  By 
William  Russell,  practical  horse  shoer.  A  book  of  the 
highest  practical  value  to  all  who  own  or  use  horses; 
211  pages.    Price $3.00 

Artistic  Horse  Shoeing". — Prof.  Rich.  Special  direc- 
tions for  shaping  shoes  to  cure  different  diseases  of  the 
foot  and  for  the  correction  of  faulty  action.  Filled  with 
illustrations  of  different  shaped  shoes,  each  designed 
for  a  special  purpose.     Price,   cash $1.00 

Bam  Plans  and  Outbuilding's. — Two  hundred  and  fifty- 
seven  illustrations.  How  to  build  general  farm  barns, 
cattle  stables,  dairy  barns,  cattle  shelters  and  all  other 
outbuildings.      Price $1.50 

American  Racing*  Rules. — Rules  of  the  running  turf. 
Price 25  cents 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES 


No  Association,  Running  or  Trotting  Should  be  Without 

THE  H.  G.  HESS  IMPROVED  AUTOMATIC 

Time  Result  and  Announcers 

DURABLE,  EASY  TO  OPERATE 


FIGURES,  white  or  black,  distiDct  at  a 
distance  from  80  to  125  feet  or  more 
are  displayed  by  rods  being  pushed 
out  from  the  rear. 

HIGHLY  endorsed  and  recommended 
by  Starting  Judges,  Timers,  Secret- 
aries, Superintendents  of  Speed,  etc. 


Patented 
Nov.  13  1894  Dec.  22  1896  Apr.  27 1897 


PRICE  Large  Size 
Small  Size 


$50.00 
$25.00 


Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,    353  Dearborn  Street,    Chicago. 


^^  YOUR  HORses 


TRADE  MARK 


DISTEMPER  CURE 


The  Attention  of  Horse  Owners  and 
Trainers  is  Called  to  the  Fact  That  One  of 
the  Greatest 

GERM  DESTROYERS 

on  the  market  is  the 

Frazier's  Liquid 
Distemper  Cure 


Holds  the  Record  for  Speedy,  permanent 
Cures  of  Distemper,  Epizootic,  influenza, 
Pinlceye,  Catarhal  Fever,  and  All  Chronic 
Coughs. 


(NONE  GENUINE  WIHOUT 
THE  TRADE   MARKJ 

A  Specific  in  Heaves  to  give  rehef ,  and  will  effect  a  cure  if  given  in  time 
One  Fifty  Cent  bottle  will  cure  any  one  case.    Beware  of  Imitators. 


Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.    358  Dearborn  Street.    Chiacgo. 


HORSEMEN'S    SPECIALTIES 


CARRIAGE 
HEATER 


DETAIL. 

The  No.  1  Clark  Heater,  illustrated  above,  is  made  extra  strong  and 
heavy  and  cannot  be  crushed  or  even  bent. 

It  is  covered  with  royal  velvet  carpet,  underneath  which  is  a  special 
asbestos  packing  which  makes  scorching  of  carpet  impossible. 

Ends  are  of  a  beautiful  design,  nicely  polished  and  nickel  plated,  making 
in  all  the  very  handsomest  heater  on  the  market. 

It  is  14  Inches  long  and  weighs  about  10  lbs. 

The  No.  3-E  Heater  is  furnished  with  stamped  steel  or  brass  ends  and 
covered  with  either  brussels  or  velvet  carpet.  No  solder  is  used  in  its  con- 
struction. It  is  well  rivited— a  strong  and  very  serviceable  heater. 
Weighs  7  lbs. 

The  Case  is  provided  with  a  perforated  box  or  drawer  working  in  a 
metallic  slide  and  held  in  place  by  a  spring.  Into  this  drawer  is  placed  a 
piece  of  prepared  carbon,  known  as  Clark  carbon.  The  drawer  is  then  in- 
serted in  heater  and  requires  no  further  attention  until  the  coal  Is  entirely 
consumed  (from  12  to  15  hours.) 

Clark  Coal  brickettes  are  found  under  a  hydraulic  pressure  of  one 
hundred  and  fifty  tons  to  the  square  Inch  and  have,  we  believe,  a  higher 
calorific  value  than  any  other  known  substance. 

Combustion  is  not  visible,  unless  the  surface  is  scraped. 

It  cannot  blow  out,  not  effected  by  drafts— just  a  steady,  reliable,  uniform 
heat  and,  we  repeat,  without  flame,  smoke,  gas  or  odor. 

PRICES. 

No.  1, 14  in.  long,  nickel  plated  ends,  covered  with  best  velret  carriage 

carpet $  3.50 

No.  3, 14  in.  long,  with  white  metal  ends  (not  covered) 2.25 

No.  3,  "D"  covered  with  brussels  carpet 2.75 

No.  3,  "E"  covered  with  velvet  carriage  carpet 3.25 

No.  3.  "F"  with  polished  brass  ends 3.25 

No.  3,  "G"  with  polished  brass  ends,  covered  with  brussels  carpet 3.75 

No.  3,  "H"  with  polished  brass  ends,  covered  with  velvet  carriage  carpet  4.00 

No.  4, 20  inches  long,  similar  to  No.  3,  (not  covered) 4.00 

No.  4,  "D"  covered  with  brussels  carpet 5.00 

No.  4,  "E"  covered  with  velvet  carpet 5.50 

1  dozen  cakes  of  coal(7!4x2i/ixlJ4),  weight  9  lbs 75 

Packed  in  cases  of  1,  6, 12  and  24  dozen. 

100  cakes  (75  lbs.)  for  livery  trade,  packed  in  wooden  cases 6.00 

Address  MA6PNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


horsemen's  specialties 


CLIPPING    MACHINES. 


New  CMcago  1902,  Horse  Clipping  Machine. 


20th  Century  Clipper. 


HALF  TH!  PRICE  usually  asked 
for  machines  of  inferior 
makes. 
THE  NEW  CHICAGO  CLIPPING  MACH- 
INE IS  THE  BEST  hand  power 
machine  ever  made  by  any- 
body anywhere,  no  matter  at 
what  price  offered. 

At  our  price  It  is  simply 
beyond  competition. 
Price  $10  75 

THE  PRICE  of  the  20th  Century 
Clipper  is  but  S5.00  and  while 
it  costs  scarcely  more  than  a 
hand  clipper,  yet  it  will  do 
many  times  more  work  (and 
do  it  better.) 

A  very  handy  and  satisfact- 
ory machine  notwithstanding 
Its  low  cost. 

JUST  THE  CLIPPER  for  the 
farmer  or  the  owner  of  a  few 
horseS;  to  whom  the  prices  of 
old  machines  were  prohibit- 
ory. In  improving  the  ma- 
chine, we  have  lessened  the 
cost. 

THE  20TH  CENTURY  CLIPPER  has 
a  12  inch  positive  gear  drive, 
steel  flexible  shaft  and  the 
highest  grade  knives. 

It  is  suspended  from  the 
ceiling  by  a  rope,  permitting 
all  parts  of  the  horse  to  be 
reached  with  facility. 

Turns  easy  and  cuts  as  fast 
as  any  machine  we  make. 

Requires  no  experience  to 
operate. 
Net  weight  only  15  lbs. 
"Weight  boxed  19  lbs. 
Size  of  box  only  14x14x3. 
Price  $5. CO. 

THE  '98  CLIPPING  MACHINE  has 
roller  beanngs,  18  in.  drive- 
wheel,  and  6  foot  flexible 
shaft.  It  is  similar  to  the 
2Uth  Century  in  all  respects, 
except  that  it  is  larger  and 
heavier.  (One  of  the  most 
popular  machines  ever  put  on 
the  market.) 
Price  $8.75. 


Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago. 


horsemrn's  specialtik? 


QUINN'S  OINTMENT 
FOR  HORSES 

stands  at  the  head  of  all  veterinary  remedies.  Such  troubles 
as  Spavins,  Curbs,  Windpuffs,  Sp-lints,  Bunches  have  no  terrors 
for  a  horse  if  the  master  keeps  and  applies  Quinn's  Ointment. 
All  well-known  horsemen  speak  of  it  in  the  highest  terms. 

Miller  &  Sibley  of  Franklin,  Pa.,  owners  of  St.  Bel.  brother  of  late 
Bel  Boy.writes,"We  have  used  Quinn's  Ointment  with  great  success 
and  believe  it  fulfills  all  claimed  for  it.  We  cheerfully  recommend 
it  to  our  friends."  For  Curbs,  Splints,  Spavins  or  Bunches  it  has 
no  equal. 

Price  $1.00  per  package.  "I^F^^^    I"I^- 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago 


New  Split-Second 
Timer. 

C.  L.  GUINAND 

Fully  Guaranteed. 

Just  what  you  need.  Made  to 
start,  stop  and  fly  back  from  the 
crown,  with  an  extra  timing  at- 
tachment for  catching  the  quarter 
and  half-mile  points  and  for  tim- 
ing two  horses  at  once.  The  first 
absolutely  reliable  split  timer  ever 
made  at  a  reasonable  price. 

PRICE 

In  Silverine  Case  -         $18  00 

In  Gun  Metal  Case  -       $19.00 

In  Solid  Silver  Case  -     -    $22.00 

Sent  to  out  of  town  buyers  by 
express  C.  O.  D.  subject  to  exam- 
ination. 

Address 

MAGNUS    FLAWS    &   CO., 

358  Dearborn  Street, 

Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES. 


Springsteen  Stallion  Shield. 

This  shield  is  made  substantially  and  of  the  best  quality  of 
leather.  It  can  be  readily  understood  by  observation.  It  is  a 
well-known  fact  that  if  we  can  prevent  our  young  stallions  from 
the  habit  of  masturbation,  we  will  have  no  old  ones  with  the 
gleet.  The  manufaturers  claim  that  the  shield  will  cure  an  old 
stallion  of  weakness  caused  by  years  of  self-abuse,  and  that  it 
will  prevent  young  ones  incurring  the  ruinous  habit,  and  say 
that  on  trial  you  will  find  it  will  make  their  get  more  sure. 

It  is  claimed  it  will  find  your  stallion  in  better  condition 
with  two-thirds  the  usual  quantity  of  feed.  If  you  do  not  find 
it  a  success,  return  it  and  we  will  refund  you  the  cost.  It  is 
durable  and  will  last  a  long  time  with  reasonable  care.  Take 
no  chances  of  purchasing  an  infringement.  See  that  every 
shield  is  stamped  "Springsteen,  Patented  January  27th,  1885." 

PRICE $6.00 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,    358  Dearborn  St.,    Chicago. 


FIG.1  FIG.  2 

Fig.  1,    Safety  Pregnator. 

Fig.  2.    Safety  Pregnator  and  Dilator. 

The  Dilator  is  used  to  assist  in  inserting  the  Pregnator  into  position, 
which  can  be  done  in  one  minute,  no  matter  how  tightly  the  womb  maybe 
closed,  and  without  the  least  injury  to  the  mare.  Although  not  absolutely 
necessary  for  the  successful  use  of  the  Pregnator,  I  would  advise  everyone  to 
get  the  Complete  Outfit,  as  the  Pregnator  is  much  more  easily  inserted  by 
using  the  Dilator. 

If  you  own  a  mare  that  is  a  valuable  one,  and  from  which  you  are  very 
desirous  of  obtaining  a  foal,  but  all  your  efforts  toward  that  end  have  been 
unsuccessful,  you  should  procure  a  Safety  Pregnator  at  once,  as  one  foal 
from  her  will  many  times  repay  you  for  the  small  cost  of  the  instrument. 

PRICES. 

Outfit  Complete  (Pregnator  and  Dilator) $7.50 

Pregnator 5.00 

Dilator 2.50 

Full  directions  for  using  both  Pregnator  and  Dilator  are  sent  with  each 
order. 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,    358  Dearborn  St.,    Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES. 


NO.  I.  McMURRAY  RAGING  WAGON. 

Patented  July  23,  1901. 

Our  many  years  of  experience  in  building  light  work  enables  us  to  offer  to  the 
horsemen  a  Kacing  Wagon  of  superior  construction.  By  using  our  new  and  recently 
patented  axle  we  have  a  little  wagon  with  many  points  of  merit  that  are  not  found 
In  any  other  similar  wagon . 

Our  single  axle  construction  permits  close  hitch  and  allows  more  clearance  for 
the  horse.  No  joints  to  break  open  through  paint,  as  in  other  axles  where  wood  and 
Iron  are  joined  together.  No  unsightly  awkward  braces  in  the  runnmg  gear.  The 
steel  rib  in  center  of  tubing  positively  prevents  settling  or  spreading  of  axles  a 
particle. 

CONSTRUCTION.  The  four  axles  are  made  of  steel  tubing,  oval  shaped,  the  center 
of  each  being  filled  with  wood  forced  Into  the  tut)ing- in  the  center  of  wood 
filling  is  a  steel  rib  plate.  The  fork  ends  are  hand  forged,  tapered,  pinned  and 
brazed  into  axles.  The  shafts  are  second  growth,  neat,  light,  trimmed  in  troai 
skin  and  made  so  they  will  pass  over  the  dash  when  raised  up.  Dash  is  de- 
tachable. Hear  of  body  caned  on  a  frame,  made  detachable  Light  stick  seat. 
aeatly  Ironed  and  caned^  Lazy  back  if  desired,  made  detachable- 

WHEELS  AND  TIRE.  Axles  ball  bearing  with  accurately  ground  cups  and  cones, 
absolutely  perfect.  Made  water  and  dust  proof.  Steel  spokes  and  wood  rims 
Tire  28x1%  or  ivi  inches.    Wlh  furnish  Palmer  tire  if  wanted 

PAINT  AND  TRIMMING.     Color:  regular,  gear  carmine  or  royal  bme.  neatly 
striped,  body  black,  finish  unexcelled.  Cushion  fine  English  whipcord  or  broad 
clotn,  hair  stuffed.    Carpets  to  match.   Dash  grain  leather 
Foot  pump,  wrenches,  oil  can.  etc.  with  each  job 

Wagon  crated  ready  for  shipment  150  pound*.    PrlcA  $176.00 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S   SPECIALTIES. 


NO.  15  "PERFECTED"  McMURRAY  SULKY. 

Horsemen  ana  trainers  will  make  a  mlstace  If  thev  do  not  look  into  the  merits 
of  this  Sulky  before  bu)  lug.  We  have  m:i  le  strenith  and  speed  the  two  first  quali- 
fications; at  the  same  time  we  have  reached  a  limit  of  weight  that  is  desired  by  all 
horsemen.  We  place  the  strongest  kind  ofaguirantee  ou  this  Sulky.  It  is  simply 
"perfection"  in  itself  and  cannot  be  made  better. 

CONSTRUCTIOV.    The  peculiar  shape  of  the  truss  makes  It  impossible  to  spread  a 

fiarticle.  All  wood  work  Is  mnde  of  the  very  best  second  growth  timber;  the 
ron  work  Is  hand  forged  from  the  best  imported  Swedes  iron  and  steel.  The 
shafts  have  our  own  peculiar  shape  and  bolted  between  the  two  axles  on  each 
side,  making  a  solid' truss.  These  points  together  wich  the  circle  bar,  seat  bar 
combination,  all  fastened  to  one  another,  mikes  It  extremely  rigid  in  axles  and 
at  points  of  shafts,  allowing  plenty  of  room  In  width  and  very  close  hitch. 
This  secures  stiffness  and  is  equal  to  thd  severest  wjrk  that  a  Sulky  may  be 
called  upon  to  do. 

DIMENSIONS  AND  WEIGHT.  We  make  this  Sulky  in  two  widths,  61  and  54  inch 
track  centers,  or  46  and  49  Inches  batween  axle  nuts,  and  37, 38, 39  and  40  Inches 
from  floor  tD  under  side  of  axle.  Weight  33  lbs.  Lighter  weights  made  to  order. 
64  Inch  track  center.  38  Inches  under  axle,  33  lbs.  is  standard  size  and  will 
always  be  shipped,  unless  otherwise  ordered. 

FINISH.  Painted  carmine,  neatly  striped,  elegantly  finished,  trimmed  in  goat  skin 
leather,  dull  finish;  solid  steel  seat  rail  triple  nickle  plated.  Other  colors 
painted  to  order. 

WE  GUARANTEE  this  Sulkey  to  be  strictly  as  represented  and  ask  the  most  critical 
inspection  of  it.  We  offer  it  to  the  horsemen  as  the  best  example  of  Sulky  con- 
struction on  the  market  today,   barring  none  at  any  prick. 

CUSHION  hand  made,  with  weight  pocket;  best  quality  whip  cord,  lialf  stuffed 

$5.00  Net  Extra. 

Price  Includes  foot  pump,  wrenches,  oil  can,  repair  outfit,  etc.  Crated  ready 
tor  shipment  85  lbs.,  £.  o.  b.  cars,  Marlon.  Ohio.    Price  $10p.Q(i      ._ ^. 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES. 


NO.  30  "BUCKEYE"  PNEUMATIC  JOG  CART. 

For  Jogging-,  Training  and.  Matinee  Racing. 

We  claim  this  to  be  tiie  most  handsome,  newest  and  best  constructed  Jo?  Cart 
made.  The  new  features  added  makes  it  strictly -up-to-date."  This  Cart  will  suit 
any  size  or  gaited  horse.  The  long  spring  malies  it  an  easy  rider  for  any  weiglit 
driver,  and  carries  his  weight  on  the  heel  of  shifts  directly  over  the  wheels.  These 
features,  together  with  the  now  style  trusses  and  system  of  bracing,  making  it  ex- 
tremely rigid  yet  light  and  tree  from  horse  motion.  Especially  adapted  for  both 
road  and  track  use.  This  cart  is  In  use  In  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Europe, 
receiving  many  comments.  4 

CONSTRUCTION .     All  iron  and  wood  work  on  this  Cart  Is  made  of  the  snme  qviality 
material  as  our  Sulkies  and  Is  strictly  hand  made  throughout.    It  will 
stand  the  most  critical  inspection. 
WHEELS  AND  TIRES.    We  use  for  this  Cart  28x1%  Inch  pneumatic  tire,  extra 
heavy;  made  especially  for  this  Cart;  guaranteed  to  be  strictly  first-class.    It  is 
made  for  use  on  all  kmds  of  roads  with  perfect  safety     The  tire  is  carefully 
cemented  and  fastened  with  five  lugs  through  the  rims.    The  wheels  are  exactly 
the  same  style  as  those  on  the  Sulky,  only  much  heavier  throughout.    We  use 
a  heavy  wood  rim,  V  shape,  painted  and  striped  like  the  Cart 
FINISH.    Painted  regular  in  rich  carmine,  elegantly  striped  and  finished.    Other 
colors  pamted  to  order  without  charge.    Shafts  trimmed  In  goat  skin  leather, 
dull  finish.     Platings  and  mountings  heavy  triple  nlckle  plated. 
STICK  SEATS  on  all  Carts.    Also  foot  rests  which  can  be  removed  or  replaced 

in  a  moment. 
WHIP  CORD  cushion,  hair  stuffed,  foot  carpet,  foot  pump,  wrenches,  oil  cans,  repair 
outfit,  etc. ,  free  with  every  Cart. 

Mud  boot  made  to  lit  over  foot  rests.  $2.60  Net  Extra.  Not  shipped  unless 
ordered. 

Crated  ready  for  shipment  125  ft>s.    Priced  F.  O.  B.  cars  Marion.  Ohio. 
NOTE-Thls  Cart  Is  furnished  regular  with  28  Inch  ball  bearing  steel  wheels, 
wood  rims,  pneumatic  tires,  and  will  be  shipped  so  unless  otherwise  ordered.    \\  e 
can  furnish  WITHOUT  EXTRA  CHA.RGE  28  Inch  ball  bearing  hickory  or  steel 
wheels  with  lii  inch  cushion  tire.   Price  170.  oo. 

Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES. 


Kaspef's  Self^ Acting  Oats  Cleaner. 


FOR  STABLE  USE. 

The  device  shown  in  the  accompanying  en- 
graving is  an  appliance  In  which  every  person 
owning  or  having  charge  of  a  horse  should  be 
interested.  Its  object  is  to  cleanse  oats  from 
dust  and  other  Impuiities,  which  cannot  be 
reached  by  the  use  of  the  hand  seive  or  fanning 
mill.  If  owners  of  horses  knew  how  much  dust 
and  other  impurities,  equally  Injurious,  thi  Ir 
horses  swallow  at  every  leed  of  ordinary  oaN, 
they  would  lose  no  time  in  ordering  this  usefrl 
invention.  This  Cleaner  will  remove  a  bushel 
of  dust,  dirt  and  impurities  from  every  twenty- 
live  to  thirty  bushels  of  oats.  A  horse  cats  about 
half  a  bushel  ot  oats  per  day.  or  uearl;  200 
bushels  per  year.  He  thus  chokes  down  about 
eight  bushels  of  dust  and  impurities,  unless  this 
has  been  removed  by  the  process  here  illustrated. 
It  is  no  wonder  that  so  many  horses  contract 
heaves,  consumption  and  other  diseases,  when 
they  so  often  have  poison  doled  out  to  them 
every  day.  Owners  therefore  should  gladly 
welcome  any  device  which  tends  to  render  their 
horses  more  comfortable  and  more  free  from 
disease.  This  is  not  only  humane  but  it  is  by 
far  the  most  economical  way. 


POPLAR  CLEANERS 
Japanned  Trimmings,  Hard  Oil  Finish. 

6^12,  7V4  feet  long,  for  private  stables $25  00 

8xl2,7V4       "           "   medium   stables 2.5  00 

10x12,74       "           •'    largestables 25  00 

I8xi2,7i4       *'           "   very  large  stables 35  00 

8x12,6         "            '   low  ceiling  stables 25  00 

10X12.6            "              •      "        •'                "        2500 

HARDWOOD    CLEANERS 
With  Solid  Brass  Trimmings. 

6  X  12,  7V4  feet  long,  for  private  stables $40  00 

8xi2,7V4       "  "   medium  stables 4100 

10xl2.7>/4       "  "   largestables 42  00 

8x12,6         ••  "   low  ceiling  stables 40  no 

10x12,6  ••      4100 

Hardwood  Cleaners  finished  In  Oak,  Ash,  Cherrv,  Georgia  Tine,  or  any  kind  of 
wood  desired,  with  Hard  Oil  Finish. 

Special  sizes  not  named  made  to  order. 
In  ordering  state  which  side  you  wish  the  handlebar  placed  (right  or  loft,  as  you 
face  the  Cleaner). 

Address  MAGJNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  35S  Jjeaiooiu  St.,  Uhicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES, 


Military  Rubber   Horse  Brush. 

Is  an  all  flexible  rubber  brush  with 
hollow  projecting  fingers  or  teeth 
that  produce  strong  friction  and  suc- 
tion, and  when  passed  orer  the  horse 
with  the  back  and  forth  currying 
motion,  every  hair  is  stirred  to  the 
roots,  the  dirt  loosened  and  removed 
by  tlie  suction  of  tho  hollow  fingers. 
Finish  by  rubbing  the  right  way  of 
the  hair  and  you  will  produce  a  gloss 
and  fineness  of  coat  that  cannot  be 
equalled.  It  is  made  of  the  very  best 
quality  resilcnt  rubber,  moulded 
throughout,  strap  and  all,  In  one 
piece,  with  canvas  and  webbing  in- 
sertions; clean,  strong  and  indestruct- 
ible. Soft  as  velvet,  flexible  as  the 
wand  that  holds  ii.and  more  effective 
than  any  combinations  of  harsh  curry  comb  and  brush. 

HrkfCAC    Pfiinv    If    and  it  thoroughly  and  quickly  cleans.    Removes  dirt 

lIUl^cs    l-,llju^     **•»  and  dandruff  from  the  skin.    Nervous,  high  strung 

horses  will  enjoy,  and  be  quieted  by  rubbing  with  this  brush.    It's  a  perfect 

"SHEDDEB." 

Cii-Mt^  Vnnf  Hni-cpk  a  good  massage  treatment  everyday  Itwillstimu- 
vtiY^  I  vui  I  iw  SCiatg  circulation,  develop  and  keep  limber  the  muscles 
and  add  years  to  the  working  life  of  the  horse 

PRICE  $1.00,  Post=Paid 


Sore  Backs,  Saddle  Sores  and  Harness  Galls,  as  well  as  all 
inflammations,  swelling's,  cuts  and  sprains,  are  best  and 
quickest  cured  by 

Greene's  Liniment 

Keep  a  bottle  in  the  barn.  You  will  find  it  useful  in  the  home,  also 
for  all  the  family. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.,  September  30. 1900. 
Gentlemen:— Referring  to  Greene's  Horse  LlnirheDt  which  we  purchased  of  you 
recently,  heg  to  state  that  we  have  used  all  kinds  of  preparations  on  our  horses,  but 
find  this  kind  superior  for  general  purposes,  of  any  medicines  we  have  ever  nni 
across.  Last  winter  we  had  several  cases  where  our  horses  were  cut  very  badly  on 
account  of  sharp  shoes,  and  also  falling  on  ice,  and  in  every  instance  this  cured  the 
soreness  immediately.  We  caa  cheerfully  recommenl  this  article  for  auybolv 
wishing  a  medicine  for  general  barn  purposes,  especially  scratches  and  cuts  and  also 
bruises.    It  has  done  its  work  In  a  very  satisfactory  manner. 

Respectfully  yours,  SWIFT  AND  COMPANY,  Per.  I.  W  B. 

Cireene's  Liniment  is  an  Antiseptic  Dressing  as  well  as  a  heal- 
ing liniment,  and  is  different  in  this  respect  from  any  liniment  you 
ever  used. 

PRICE  $1.00  Per  Bottle 
Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S  NEEDS. 


All  HoESBDien  Should  Use 

DR.  TURNBULL'S 

GURINE, 

The  Great  American 
Veterinary  Remedy, 

Formulated  by  W.  A.  W.  Turn, 
bull,  V.  M.  D.  Late  House 
^rgeoQ  Vetinary  Hos- 
pital University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

A  Safe  and  Positive  Cure 

for  Spavlni,  Curbs,  Splints,  Ringbones,  Sprung  knees.  Rheumatism.  Lameness  of 
all  kinds,  Soft  Bunches.  Bony  Growths,  Etc.  CUIHE  Is  the  most  powerful  paint  known 
and  lUPERCEDES  ALL  CAUTERT  OR  FIRINO.  NO  BLERIIttl.  RO  HAIR  OONE.  It  effects  are  Absor- 
bent, Alternative,  Penetrative  and  Antiseptic  and  will  reach  the  deepest  seated 
troubles.  Horse  can  be  worked  as  usual  while  using  this  marvelous  paint.  VE  WILL 
WAOER  SlOO  that  one  bottle  of  CURIRE  will  produce  better  effects  than  any  other  paint, 
liniment  or  Spavin  cure  ever  made.  ETERY  BOHLE  OF  GURIREII  WARRARTED  to  give  satis- 
faction. Testimonials  from  the  best  horseman  In  the  land,  srfch  as  Rundle  &  White, 
John  C.  Welty,  C.  W.  Williams,  Jack  Curry,  Wm.  Faslg,  C.  H.  Nelson,  John  H. 
Lackey.  Boyce  &  Starr,  Dick  Wilson,  Kalamazoo  Farm  Co.,  and  thousands  of  others. 

Price.— Large  Bottle  $2,  Small  Bottle  $1. 


TESTIMONrALS. 

From  the  Home  of  Quartermaster  2:21^. 

Danbtry.  Conn..  June  28th.  1897 
Gentlemen:— Please  send  us  one-half  dozen  bottles  Curlne.    We  tiave  been 
using  this  remedy  for  the  past  year  with  the  very  best  of  success. 

Yours  truly, 

RUNDLE  &  WHITE. 

The  Owner  of  Corporal  2:21;^. 


Gentlemen 
poral,  went  lame  In  a  race 
success.    During  this  spring 
working  as  sound  as  a  dollar. 


Columbus.  Neb.,  April  28th,  1897. 
During  the  spring  meeting  at  Denver  In  18%  my  horse,  the  Cor- 
I  tried  every  thing  last  summer  to  cure  him,  but  with  no 
bought  »  bottle  of  Curlne,  and  in  ten  days  he  was 
Yours  truly, 

C.  E.  MORSE, 


Read  What  John  S.  Lackey  Says. 


Please  send  me  four  bottles  of  "Curlne.' 
ever  us  used. 


Cambridge  City,  ind. 
I  think  It  Is  the  best  goods  I  have 
JOHN  S.  LACKEY. 


Address  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO.,  358  Dearborn  St.,  Chicago. 


HOKSEMEN'S  SPECIALTIES 


Level '  Feet 

Promote  Speed 

As  well  as  Prevent  Hoof  All' 
ments.  Keep  your  Horses' 
Feet  Level  and  Save  Veterin- 
ary Fees.     Price $3.00 

Address 
MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO., 

358  Dearborn  Street. 
Chicago,  -        -  111. 


SWISS  INK-RECORDING  HORSE  TIMER. 

This-Ink  Recording 
Horse  Timer  will  do 
all  that  a  split  will  do, 
and  a  great  deal  more. 
After  starting  at  stem 
the  same  as  all  stop 
watches,  you  can  catch 
one  or  more  horses  at 

y%,  and  get  them  all  at 
the  finish.  This  is  done 
by  simply  pressing  the 
small  button  at  right  of 
the  stem,  as  each  time 
you  press  this  button 
the  handmakes  a  small 
dot  on  dial,  indicated 
on  cut  by  the  arrows. 
The  hand  does  not 
stop,  but  makes  the 
dots  and  keeps  right 
on.  After  the  heat 
open  the  front  and 
wipe  off  dots  with  your 
finger.  A  supply  of  ink 
with  each  watch,  all  in 
a  neat  leather  case, 
prepaid  on  receipt  of 

Price $25*00 

Address 

Magnus  Flaws  &  Co 

Chicago,  111. 


HORSRMEX'S    SPECTATiTIES 


THE  RIGHT 
WAY 


In  all  cases  of  Distemper, 
Pinkeye,  Influenza, 
Coughs,  Colds,  Shipping 
Fear  and  Nose  and  Throat 
troubles,  among  Stallions, 
Brood  Mares,  Colts  and  all 
others,  is  to 

"SPOHN  THEM" 

Put  SPOHN'S  LIQUID  COMPOUND 
on  their  tongues.  Give 
Spohn's  to  all  of  them. 

You  stop  all  trouble  with 
the  disease.     It  acts  on 
blood  and  glands.   It  routs 
the   disease  by  expelling 
disease  germs.    It  wards 
oft'  the  disease  no  matter 
liow    "exposed."      Abso- 
lutely free  from  anything 
injurious.      A   child   can 
safely  take  it. 
•     "Spohn's"   is  used   by  99Y2  per 
cent  of  all  Grand  Circuit  stables,  90 
per  cent  of  five  next  largest  Circuits 
and  83  per  cent  of  all  other  racing 
stables. 

Biggest  selling  horse  remedy  in 
existence.  It  has  made  its  own 
great  name. 

"Spohn's"  will  never  fail  you.    Bottle  50c.  and  $1.00.    Doz.  $5.00  and  $10.00. 
Address  Magnus  Flaws  &  Co.,  358  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago. 

WHf\T  IS  THE  USE 

Of  taking  chances  of  your  horse  being  sick 
and  perhaps  knocked  out  entirely  for  the 
season,  when  50  Cents  will  insure  him 
against  anything  of  this*  kind  happening, 
by  having  a  bottle  of 

Grafts  Distemper  and  Cough  Cure 

in  your  barn  or  medicine  chest  ready  for 
~  '     use.    Tt  is  the  Standard  remedy  of  the  kind 

and  is  used  by  more  horsemen  than  all  others  combined. 
A^ddress  MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO  ,  358  Dearborn  St.  Chicago. 


HORSEMEN'S     SPECIALTIES 


THE  SHAW  PAD 


This  Pad  is  used  with  a 
full  Shoe  or  can  be  used 
with  a  bar  Shoe.  Takes 
off  all  concussions  and  jar 
on  hard  tracks  or  roads 
Relieves  strain  and  gives 
a  natural  frog  pressure. 
Made  of  vulcanized  rubber 
on  canvas  base,  light,  dur- 
able, effective;  prevents 
slipping.  In  ordering, 
state  inside  measurement 
of  Shoe  across  heels. 


^         Weight  IH  to  SVt  ounces. 
We  also  have  thie  same  style  of  Pad  heavier  for  road  use.    price  $1.00 
per  pair,  ready  for  use. 

Address  Magnus  Flaws  &  Co.,  358  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago. 


DO  YOU  TAKE  A  HORSE   PAPER  ? 

If  not,  you  should.    Send  subscription  direct  to  us,  and  if   you 
want  more  than  one,  ask  for  our  club  rates.    Address 


Magnus  Flaws  &  Co., 


858  Dearborn  Street, 


Chicago,  111. 


CATALOGUES 


We  Printed  the  Sale  Catalogues  for 

Chicago  Horsk  Salk  Co.,  Chicago,  111. 
John  Splan,  Chicago.  IlL 
Tbanter-Kennby  Co  ,  Lexington,  Ky. 


John  Splan,  Chicago. 
Tbanter-Kennby  Co  ,  Lexington, 
Blaib-Bakbr  Co  ,  Indlanapelis,  Ind. 


Daughertt  Bros.,  Wabash,  Ind. 
Wichita  Horse  Sale  Co.,  etc.,  etc. 

and  the  Farm  Catalogues  for 

Brook  Nook  Stock  Ranch.  Home  Park,  Mont. 
GuLVALUS  Farm,  Louisville,  Ky. 
White  River  Farm,  Muncie,  Ind. 
Primrose  Farm,  Danville,  Ind. 
Hillside  Farm,  Reading.  Pa. 
Laurel  Hill  Farm,  Fox  Laire,  Wis. 
WiLLOWDALE  Fabm,  Crown  Point,  Ind. 
Maywood  Farm,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Spring  Valley  Farm,  Reading,  Pa.,  etc. 
and  many  others. 


STALLION    CARDS 


We  Complied  and  Printed  those  for 

Cresceus iMX      McKlNNEY 2:11  Ji 

Ashland  WrLKES.8:17X     Delmarch 8:11^ 

HiGHwooD 2:81J<      Early  Reaper. ..8 :0»5j 

Colbert 2:07^      William  Penn....2:07^ 

NoRCATUR  and  nearly  all  the  leading  trotting  and 
and  pacing  stallions.    Let  ub  figure  on  yours. 

GIVE  US  A  CHANCE  TO  FIGURE  ON  YOURS. 
SEND  FOR  SAMPLES  AND  PRICES. 

We  write  a  full  tabulation,  four  generations, 
of  any  horse,  for  $2;  the  same,  fancy,  for  fram- 
ing, $3.50. 

We  have  horse  cuts  from  SI  up,  and  make 
cuts  from  photos  for  $8  up.  Use  of  any  of  our 
cute  free  when  we  do  the  printing. 

We  publish  the  best  books  for  recording  stal- 
lion service,  with  notes,  etc.  Send  for  catalogue 
of  horse  books. 


MAGNUS  FLAWS  &  CO. 


358  Dearborn  St,  CHICAGO^  ILL. 


Phones: 


HARRISON       2949 
AUTOMATIC  64.26 


